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Records added in 2022
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126. LAPSE:2022.0032
Copper Oxide Spectral Emission Detection in Chalcopyrite and Copper Concentrate Combustion
October 12, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Numerical Methods and Statistics
Keywords: combustion, curve resolution, digital processing, multivariate data analysis, optical sensors, principal component analysis, signal detection, spectroscopy measurements
In this research, the spectral detection of copper oxide is reported from different combustion tests of chalcopyrite particles and copper concentrates. Combustion experiments were performed in a bench reactor. In all the tests, the radiation emitted from the sulfide particle reactions was captured in the VIS−NIR range. The obtained spectral data were processed by using the airPLS (adaptive iteratively reweighted penalized least squares) algorithm to remove their baseline, and principal component analysis (PCA) and the multivariate curve resolution method alternate least squares (MCR-ALS) methods were applied to identify the emission lines or spectral bands of copper oxides. The extracted spectral pattern is directly correlated with the emission profile reported in the literature, evidencing the potential of using spectral analysis techniques on copper sulfide combustion spectra.
127. LAPSE:2022.0031
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Co-Processing of Bio-Oil and Vacuum Gas Oil in an Existing Refinery
October 12, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Process Design
Keywords: bio-oil, co-processing, Eco-indicator 99, FCC, LCA, vacuum gas oil
The co-cracking of vacuum gas oil (VGO) and bio-oil has been proposed to add renewable carbon into the co-processing products. However, the environmental performance of the co-processing scheme is still unclear. In this paper, the environmental impacts of the co-processing scheme are calculated by the end-point method Eco-indicator 99 based on the data from actual industrial operations and reports. Three scenarios, namely fast pyrolysis scenario, catalytic pyrolysis scenario and pure VGO scenario, for two cases with different FCC capacities and bio-oil co-processing ratios are proposed to present a comprehensive comparison on the environmental impacts of the co-processing scheme. In Case 1, the total environmental impact for the fast pyrolysis scenario is 1.14% less than that for the catalytic pyrolysis scenario while it is only 26.1% of the total impacts of the pure VGO scenario. In Case 2, the environmental impact of the fast pyrolysis scenario is 0.07% more than that of the catalyti... [more]
128. LAPSE:2022.0030
Exploration of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIPs) as an Adsorbent for the Enrichment of Trenbolone in Water
October 12, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Process Design
Keywords: androgenic hormones, endocrine disruptors, molecularly imprinted polymers, solid-phase extraction, trenbolone
The presence of endocrine disruptors in surface waters can have negative implications on wildlife and humans both directly and indirectly. A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was explored for its potential to enhance the UV-Vis determination of trenbolone in water using solid-phase extraction (SPE). The synthesized MIP was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using the MIP resulted in a preconcentration and enrichment factor of 14 and 8, respectively. Trenbolone binding on the MIP was shown to follow a Langmuir adsorption and had a maximum adsorption capacity of 27.5 mg g−1. Interference studies showed that the MIP selectivity was not compromised by interferences in the sample. The MIP could be recycled three times before significant loss in analyte recovery.
129. LAPSE:2022.0029
GHG Emissions Reduction – Optimal Design and Operation of the Integrated Distributed Energy Systems Cross Different Energy Sectors
October 6, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Process Operations
Keywords: Cross-sector integration, GHG emissions reduction, Optimal design and operation
This research seeks the opportunity to further reduce the minimum GHG emissions achieved by individu-ally operating energy systems in the civic, industrial, and transportation sectors through their integration. Each entity – buildings or industrial plants, is equipped with a set of combined cooling, heating, and pow-er (CCHP) system. At the same time, there is heat and electricity transfer among entities. The integration intends to solve the mismatch between the energy demand and energy provided by the CCHP system, which further increases the operation of the CCHP system and reduces GHG emissions of the entire sys-tem. This research introduces an optimization approach for identifying the optimal design and operation of the integrated system, which provides the maximum GHG emission reduction benefits (represented as GHG emissions reduction percentage (GHGD%)). Compared to existing studies on the integrated system, this research (1) differentiates the temperature of industrial heating de... [more]
130. LAPSE:2022.0028
Novel approach for low CO2 intensity hydrogen from natural gas
September 20, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Process Design
Keywords: Carbon Dioxide Capture, Hydrogen production, Low emission H2, Process integration
Hydrogen from natural gas with CO2 capture can be a key transition technology to a low carbon energy system due to the abundance of natural gas and the possibility to increase the production capacity quickly. However, it is necessary to achieve both a high energy efficiency and a high CO2 capture ratio to be a viable option. The liquefaction of CO2 is one promising separation technology as it provides the captured CO2 in a transportable format. This paper therefore proposes a hydrogen production process with integrated CO2 liquefaction. Efficiencies of up to 84.7 % (Based on the higher heating value) and CO2 capture ratios of up to 97.2 % can be achieved. One advantage of the utilization of CO2 liquefaction as separation technology is furthermore the possibility to incorporate a partial recycle of the flue gas from the separation to the water–gas shift reaction, increasing both energy efficiency and carbon capture ratio.
131. LAPSE:2022.0027
Eco-technoeconomic analyses of NG-powered SOFC/GT hybrid plants accounting for long-term degradation effects via pseudo-steady-state model simulations
August 2, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Modelling and Simulations
Keywords: Modelling, Natural Gas, Simulation, Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Technoeconomic Analysis, Turbines
Models and codes that were used in this work. Please read the simulation instruction.
132. LAPSE:2022.0024
Is CCS really so expensive? An analysis of cascading costs and CO2 emissions reduction of industrial CCS implementation applied to a bridge
July 19, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: Bridge, Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS, Cement, Cost-Benefit analysis, Life Cycle Analysis, Steel, Technoeconomic Analysis
Carbon capture, transport, and storage (CCS) is an essential technology to mitigate global CO2 emissions from power and industry sectors. Despite the increasing recognition and interest in both the scientific community and stakeholders, current CCS deployment is far behind targeted ambitions. A key reason is that CCS is often perceived as too expensive to reduce CO2 emissions. The costs of CCS have however traditionally been looked at from the industrial plant point of view which does not necessarily reflect the end-user’s perspective. This paper addresses the incomplete view by investigating the impact of implementing CCS in industrial facilities on the overall costs and CO2 emissions of end-user products and services. As an example, this work examines the extent to which an increase in costs of raw materials (cement and steel) due to CCS impact the costs of building a bridge. Our results show that although CCS significantly increases the cost of cement and steel, the subsequent incre... [more]
133. LAPSE:2022.0023
Moving toward the low-carbon hydrogen economy: Experiences and key learnings from national case studies
July 7, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Interdisciplinary
Keywords: CCS, Energy transition, Integrated analysis, Low carbon hydrogen, Low-carbon economy
The recognised urgency to achieve net-zero carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 2050, as first presented by the IPCC special report on 1.5 °C Global Warming, has spurred a renewed interest in hydrogen as a companion to electricity for widespread decarbonization of the economy. We present reflections on the estimation of future hydrogen demand, optimization of infrastructure for production, transport and storage, development of viable business cases, and environmental impact evaluations using life cycle assessments. We highlight challenges and opportunities that are common across studies of the business cases for hydrogen in Germany, the UK, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Norway. The use of hydrogen in the industry sector is an important driver and could incentivise large-scale hydrogen value chains. In the long-term hydrogen becomes important also for the transport sector. Hydrogen production from natural gas with capture and permanent storage of the produced CO2 (CCS) enables large-sc... [more]
134. LAPSE:2022.0022
Teaching Conceptual Process Flowsheeting and Simulation: 3rd Year Undergraduate Level and Earlier
February 14, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Education
Keywords: Aspen Plus, Conceptual Process Design, Process Modelling, Process Synthesis, Undergraduate Curriculum
Advice and best practices for teaching conceptual process flowsheeting, simulation, and design at the third year undergraduate level. Discusses setting course goals, integration with the rest of the curriculum, and delivery techniques. Practical strategies for tutorials, exams, lectures, and projects. Training TAs for experiential learning workshops. Best practices in teaching distillation design. This is the Award Lecture for AIChE's David Himmelblau Award for Innovations in Computer-Based Chemical Engineering Education. Live lecture given via APMonitor.com as a part of the AIChE's Computing and Systems Technology division webinar series.
135. LAPSE:2022.0021
Real Wastewater Treatment Using a Moving Bed and Wastewater-Borne Algal−Bacterial Consortia with a Short Hydraulic Retention Time
January 24, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Food & Agricultural Processes
Keywords: bacterial community, microalgae, moving media, photobioreactor
Algal−bacterial consortium is a promising technology, combined with wastewater treatment plants, because algae produce molecular oxygen for nitrification and organic removal and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. However, algal−bacterial consortia based on suspended growth require a relatively long hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 d to 6 d for removal of organic matter and nutrients. For the algal−bacterial consortia in a photobioreactor (PBR) containing a moving bed, the organic matter and nutrient removal and the community structure of algal−bacterial consortia were investigated to determine the performance under a relatively short HRT of 2.5 d. Moving media containing algal−bacterial consortia enhanced the photosynthetic oxygen concentration (0.2 mg dissolved oxygen (DO)·L−1 to 5.9 mg DO·L−1), biochemical oxygen demand removal (88.0% to 97.2%), ammoniacal nitrogen removal (33.8% to 95.3%), total nitrogen removal (61.6% to 87.7%), total phosphate removal (66.4% to 88.7%), algal grow... [more]
136. LAPSE:2022.0020
Bioactive Compounds Produced by the Accompanying Microflora in Bulgarian Yoghurt
January 24, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Food & Agricultural Processes
Keywords: Bulgarian yoghurt, cyclic peptides, IPA, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, metagenomics, MLST, PFGE, RAPD, Streptococcus thermophilus
Bulgarian yoghurt is associated with health benefits and longevity of consumers. The specific microflora producing bioactive metabolites is responsible for this effect. The present study examines the biodiversity in four homemade yoghurts from regions containing endemic microflora. Metagenome sequencing indicated Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus were predominant in all samples. In addition, yoghurts contained accompanying lactic acid bacteria (LAB) including Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Lb. helveticus, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Lb. rhamnosus, Lactococcus lactis, Pediococcus acidilactici, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Leuc. pseudomesenteroides. A negligible amount of pollutant strains was found. Twenty-four LAB strains were isolated from the yoghurts and identified. Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strains were genotyped by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA−PCR (RAPD), multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and pulse field gel electrophore... [more]
137. LAPSE:2022.0019
Morphology and Structure Controls of Single-Atom Fe−N−C Catalysts Synthesized Using FePc Powders as the Precursor
January 24, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Reaction Engineering
Keywords: Fe–N–C, morphology, ORR
Understanding the origin of the high electrocatalytic activity of Fe−N−C electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction is critical but still challenging for developing efficient sustainable nonprecious metal catalysts used in fuel cells. Although there are plenty of papers concerning the morphology on the surface Fe−N−C catalysts, there is very little work discussing how temperature and pressure control the growth of nanoparticles. In our lab, a unique organic vapor deposition technology was developed to investigate the effect of the temperature and pressure on catalysts. The results indicated that synthesized catalysts exhibited three kinds of morphology—nanorods, nanofibers, and nanogranules—corresponding to different synthesis processes. The growth of the crystal is the root cause of the difference in the surface morphology of the catalyst, which can reasonably explain the effect of the temperature and pressure. The oxygen reduction reaction current densities of the different catal... [more]
138. LAPSE:2022.0018
Rapid and Green Preparation of Multi-Branched Gold Nanoparticles Using Surfactant-Free, Combined Ultrasound-Assisted Method
January 24, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Materials
Keywords: chitosan, green synthesis, hydroquinone, multi-branched gold nanoparticles, ultrasound
The conventional seed-mediated preparation of multi-branched gold nanoparticles uses either cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or sodium dodecyl sulfate. However, both surfactants are toxic to cells so they have to be removed before the multi-branched gold nanoparticles can be used in biomedical applications. This study describes a green and facile method for the preparation of multi-branched gold nanoparticles using hydroquinone as a reducing agent and chitosan as a stabilizer, through ultrasound irradiation to improve the multi-branched shape and stability. The influence of pH, mass concentration of chitosan, hydroquinone concentration, as well as sonication conditions such as amplitude and time of US on the growth of multi-branched gold nanoparticles, were also investigated. The spectra showed a broad band from 500 to over 1100 nm, an indication of the effects of both aggregation and contribution of multi-branches to the surface plasmon resonance signal. Transmission electron microscopy... [more]
139. LAPSE:2022.0017
Optimisation of the Geometric Parameters of Longitudinally Finned Air Cooler Tubes Operating in Mixed Convection Conditions
January 24, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Process Design
Keywords: heat pump evaporator, longitudinal finned tubes, mixed convection, optimisation of geometric parameters
The results of optimisation calculations presented in the article are related to longitudinally finned tubes of a heat pump evaporator operating under natural wind-induced flow of outdoor air conditions. The finned surface is characterised by an unusual, wavy fin shape. The article presents the methodology applied to seeking optimal geometric parameters of the finned tube in which thermal calculations were performed by modelling a mixed convection process on the finned surface using the finite volume method. In the case of maximising the heat flow with the minimum mass of the fins, the optimal solution was dominated by the minimum mass of the fins and thus geometric parameters correspond to the number of fins n = 6, fin height h = 0.065 and fin thickness s = 0.0015 m. Optimisation calculations made for maximum efficiency of the exchanger at constant mass indicated that the tube with ten fins (n = 10) with a height of h = 0.11 m and a thickness of s = 0.0018 m allowed maximum heat flow... [more]
140. LAPSE:2022.0016
Influence of Surface Waviness of Journal and Bearing Bush on the Static Characteristics of Hydrodynamic Bearing
January 24, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Modelling and Simulations
Keywords: finite difference method, hydrodynamic journal bearing, static characteristics, surface waviness
An investigation on the surface waviness of both the journal and the bearing bush and their impact on the static characteristics of the hydrodynamic journal bearing is presented in this paper. The finite difference method is introduced to solve a Reynolds equation and obtain the unknown pressure field. The static characteristics, including the load carrying capacity, attitude angle, end leakage flow rate and frictional coefficient are studied under different waviness parameters. The numerically simulated results indicate that the waviness of the bearing bush may deteriorate or enhance the bearing system, depending on the phase angle. The waviness of the journal causes periodic changes in bearing behavior, owing to the alteration in the phase angle. The profile of the journal and bearing surfaces near the attitude angle determines the performance of the bearing system.
141. LAPSE:2022.0015
Investigation of Electrochemical Processes in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells by Modified Levenberg−Marquardt Algorithm: A New Automatic Update Limit Strategy
January 24, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Process Operations
Keywords: automatic limit strategy, CNLS, LMA, off-limits, processes
Identification of ongoing processes in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) enables both optimizing the operating environment and prolonging the lifetime of SOFC. The Levenberg−Marquardt algorithm (LMA) is commonly used in the characterization of unknown electrochemical processes within SOFC by extracting equivalent electrical circuit (EEC) parameter values from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data. LMA is an iteration optimization algorithm regularly applied to solve complex nonlinear least square (CNLS) problems. The LMA convergence can be boosted by the application of an ordinary limit strategy, which avoids the occurrence of off-limit values during the fit. However, to additionally improve LMA descent properties and to discard the problem of a poor initial parameters choice, it is necessary to modify the ordinary limit strategy. In this work, we designed a new automatic update (i.e., adaptive) limit strategy whose purpose is to reduce the impact of a poor initial parameter ch... [more]
142. LAPSE:2022.0014
Identifying Shared Risk Genes between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Traits by Cross-Trait Association Analysis
January 24, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: metabolic trait, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, shared gene
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) generally co-occurs with metabolic disorders, but it is unclear which genes have a pleiotripic effect on NAFLD and metabolic traits. We performed a large-scale cross-trait association analysis to identify the overlapping genes between NAFLD and nine metabolic traits. Among all the metabolic traits, we found that obesity and type II diabetes are associated with NAFLD. Then, a multitrait association analysis among NAFLD, obesity and type II diabetes was conducted to improve the overall statistical power. We identified 792 significant variants by a cross-trait meta-analysis involving 100 pleiotripic genes. Moreover, we detected another two common genes by a genome-wide gene test. The results from the pathway enrichment analysis show that the 102 shared risk genes are enriched in cancer, diabetes, insulin secretion, and other related pathways. This study can help us understand the molecular mechanisms underlying comorbid NAFLD and metabolic disorder... [more]
143. LAPSE:2022.0013
Case Study of Anaerobic Digestion Process Stability Detected by Dissolved Hydrogen Concentration
January 24, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Reaction Engineering
Keywords: amperometric sensor, anaerobic digestion, dissolved hydrogen, Fermentation, rotary bioreactor
The paper presents the results of a laboratory experiment of mesophilic single-stage anaerobic digestion performed to verify the possibility of early detection of process instability and reactor overload by evaluating the course of dissolved hydrogen concentration of the main intermediate. The digestion process was run in a Terrafors IS rotary drum bioreactor for 230 days. The substrate dosed on weekdays was food leftovers from the university canteen. At an average temperature of 37 °C, an organic loading of volatiles of 0.858 kg m−3 day−1 and a theoretical retention time of 259 days, biogas production of 0.617 Nm3 kg VS−1 was achieved with a CH4 content of 51.7 vol. %. The values of the established FOS/TAC stability indicator ranged from 0.26 to 11.4. The highest value was reached when the reactor was overloaded. The dissolved hydrogen concentration measured by the amperometric microsensor ranged from 0.039−0.425 mg dm−3. Data were statistically processed using Pearson’s correlation c... [more]
144. LAPSE:2022.0012
Batch Mode Reactor for 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic Acid Degradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium
January 24, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Reaction Engineering
Keywords: batch reactor, biodegradation, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid
A new batch mode reactor was constructed to conduct continuous biodegradation of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid. Various types of matrices with immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium were immersed in a solution containing pollutant and mineral nutrients. Three parameters were chosen to optimize the process. The nitrate and nitrite ions concentrations and HPLC analysis were used to prove the biodegradation of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, and the mixed effects model using one-factor ANOVA was used for statistical calculations. The results showed the correlation between the initial pH, a medium composition, and the process time. In pH = 6.5, the degradation effectiveness was estimated at 99% decrease in the substrate within 14 days, while an 80% decrease of acid concentration was indicated in pH = 3.5 after 28 days of the process duration.
145. LAPSE:2022.0011
Investigation on the Performance Enhancement and Emission Reduction of a Biodiesel Fueled Diesel Engine Based on an Improved Entire Diesel Engine Simulation Model
January 24, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Modelling and Simulations
Keywords: biodiesel fuel, comprehensive performance, diesel engine, fuel injection rate, fuel injection system
In order to improve the efficiency of the diesel engine and reduce emissions, an improved heat transfer model was developed in an AVL-BOOST environment which is a powerful and user-friendly software for engine steady-state and transient performance analysis. The improved heat transfer model considers the advantages of the Woschni1978 heat transfer model and Honhenberg heat transfer model. In addition, a five-component biodiesel skeletal mechanism containing 475 reactions and 134 species was developed to simulate the fuel spray process and combustion process since it contained methyl linolenate, methyl linoleate, methyl oleate, methyl stearate, and methyl palmitate, which are a majority component in most biodiesel. Finally, the propulsion and load characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel fuel were investigated by the improved heat transfer model in term of power, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), soot and NOx emissions. Similarly, the effects of the fuel injection... [more]
146. LAPSE:2022.0010
Chitosan Plasma Chemical Processing in Beam-Plasma Reactors as a Way of Environmentally Friendly Phytostimulants Production
January 24, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Food & Agricultural Processes
Keywords: chitooligosaccharides, electron-beam plasma, plant biostimulants, plasma chemical processing
A novel technique of phytoactive water-soluble chitooligosaccharide (COS) production in low-temperature plasma is described. Design, operation, and control of plasma chemical reactors used to produce COS from the powder of high molecular weight chitosan are presented. The electron beam plasma is strongly non-equilibrium and chemically active; plasma was excited by injecting the scanning electron beam into reaction volume filled with aerosol, containing oxygen and chitosan powder. Plasma chemical processes, responsible for the raw chitosan destruction and techniques of these processes to obtain control of products of optimal molecular weight, are considered. COS, in amounts sufficient for laboratory tests with some plants, were produced. Tests showed that the addition of COS into the liquid growing medium at 0.25 and 1 mg/mL stimulates root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings (Col-0) by up to 40%, with respect to control plants. Foliar application of these COS formulations at 0.25... [more]
147. LAPSE:2022.0009
Algorithmic Approaches to Inventory Management Optimization
January 24, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: inventory management, multi-echelon, reinforcement learning, stochastic programming, Supply Chain
An inventory management problem is addressed for a make-to-order supply chain that has inventory holding and/or manufacturing locations at each node. The lead times between nodes and production capacity limits are heterogeneous across the network. This study focuses on a single product, a multi-period centralized system in which a retailer is subject to an uncertain stationary consumer demand at each time period. Two sales scenarios are considered for any unfulfilled demand: backlogging or lost sales. The daily inventory replenishment requests from immediate suppliers throughout the network are modeled and optimized using three different approaches: (1) deterministic linear programming, (2) multi-stage stochastic linear programming, and (3) reinforcement learning. The performance of the three methods is compared and contrasted in terms of profit (reward), service level, and inventory profiles throughout the supply chain. The proposed optimization strategies are tested in a stochastic s... [more]
148. LAPSE:2022.0008
Optimal Production and Inventory Policy in a Multiproduct Bakery Unit
January 24, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Planning & Scheduling
Keywords: food processing unit, inventory policy, multiproduct plant, optimal production policy
The problem of finding optimal production and inventory policies is crucial for companies of the food industry, especially those processing multiple products. Since companies are required to adopt the most efficient solutions to prosper, the operation at these optimal conditions can have an extensive impact on profit, resource allocation and product quality. We address the problem of finding the optimal production and inventory policy in a multiproduct bakery unit for two contexts: (i) deterministic consumption without inventory control; and (ii) stochastic consumption combined with delayed inventory control. A formulation is proposed for each of these two setups. The restrictions considered in the model framework are related to workforce availability, and the cost structure includes four components: (i) production cost; (ii) inventory cost; (iii) setup cost; and (iv) the cost due to the degradation of perceived quality. The problem is formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming o... [more]
149. LAPSE:2022.0007
Advances in Biomass Co-Combustion with Fossil Fuels in the European Context: A Review
January 24, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: ash, biomass pretreatment, co-combustion, Fossil Fuel, greenhouse gases, oxy-combustion, reburning, synergy
Co-combustion of biomass-based fuels and fossil fuels in power plant boilers, utility boilers, and process furnaces is a widely acknowledged means of efficient heat and power production, offering higher power production than comparable systems with sole biomass combustion. This, in combination with CO2 and other greenhouse gases abatement and low specific cost of system retrofit to co-combustion, counts among the tangible advantages of co-combustion application. Technical and operational issues regarding the accelerated fouling, slagging, and corrosion risk, as well as optimal combustion air distribution impact on produced greenhouse gases emissions and ash properties, belong to intensely researched topics nowadays in parallel with the combustion aggregates design optimization, the advanced feed pretreatment techniques, and the co-combustion life cycle assessment. This review addresses the said topics in a systematic manner, starting with feed availability, its pretreatment, fuel prope... [more]
150. LAPSE:2022.0006
Cold Plasma Deposition of Polymeric Nanoprotrusion, Nanoparticles, and Nanofilm Structures on a Slide Glass Surface
January 24, 2022 (v1)
Subject: Materials
Keywords: methyl methacrylate (MMA), nanofilm structure, nanoparticles structure, nanoprotrusion structure, plasma process, super hydrophobic properties, trifluoro methylmethacrylate (TFMA), trimethylsilyl methyl methacrylate (TSMA)
In this study, we coated the surface of glass slides with nanoprotrusion, nanoparticles, and nanofilm structures by one-step plasma deposition of three vinyl monomers. Three functional vinyl monomers with symmetrical polarity sites were used: methyl methacrylate (MMA), trifluoro methylmethacrylate (TFMA), and trimethylsilyl methyl methacrylate (TSMA). The TSMA/MMA (80/20, mol-%) nanoprotrusion-coated surface of slide glass was superhydrophobic, with a 153° contact angle. We also evaluated the transmittance (%) of the slide glass with nanoprotrusions in the infrared (IR) (940 nm), ultraviolet (365 nm) and visible light (380−700 nm) regions. The obtained nanoprotrusion structure surface of slide glass created by plasma deposition transmits more than 90% of visible light.