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Records with Subject: Process Control
Target Tracking Two Degrees of Freedom State Feedback Control for Continuous Flow Microfluidic Chips Temperature Controller
August 28, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: 2DOF, MIMO, SFC, temperature control
Microfluidic chips represent a cutting-edge technology for manipulating fluids within micrometer-scale spaces and are gradually becoming a new favorite platform in life science research. Precise and fast zonal temperature control is essential for accelerating biological experiments. However, current multi-channel temperature controllers typically rely on multiple channel sets to achieve single set-point control, which results in discrepancies between the fluid temperature distribution and sensor temperature due to the distributed temperature field in the fluid channel. To estimate the actual temperature and implement gradient temperature control, this paper introduces an extension of the target tracking (TT) two degrees of freedom (2DOF) state feedback control (SFC) method, followed by a presentation of simulation and experimental results. Through comparisons with an enhanced PID system in both simulation and experimentation, the paper demonstrates an 8.96% reduction in the maximum tem... [more]
An Adaptive Discrete Integral Terminal Sliding Mode Control Method for a Two-Joint Manipulator
August 28, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: adaptive control, discrete integral terminal sliding mode control, disturbance delay estimation, manipulator, trajectory tracking
In response to the trajectory tracking control problem of manipulators under measurement disturbances, a novel multi-input multi-output discrete integral terminal sliding mode control scheme is proposed. Initially, this scheme establishes a dynamic model of a two-joint manipulator based on the Lagrangian dynamics analysis method. Subsequently, a discrete integral terminal sliding mode control law based on the dynamic model of the two joints is designed, incorporating delayed estimation of unknown disturbances and discretization errors in the manipulator system. To enhance the trajectory tracking accuracy of the control scheme and suppress the impact of sliding mode chattering on the manipulator system, an adaptive switching term is introduced into the discrete integral terminal sliding mode control law. The paper derives an adaptive discrete integral terminal sliding mode control scheme and provides stability proof for the proposed approach. Simulation experiments are conducted to comp... [more]
Static Characteristics and Energy Consumption of the Pressure-Compensated Pump
August 28, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: axial piston pump, hydraulic systems, pressure-compensated pump, pump displacement control, pump efficiency, pump speed control
The motivation of this research was to assess the possibility of speed control for the selected pressure-compensated pump. Measured static characteristics of an axial piston pump with pressure compensation are presented in the paper. Based on these characteristics, the pump efficiencies are determined. The characteristics and efficiencies are determined for the different pump outlet pressures, pump speeds, relative displacements and for the different pressures set at the pressure compensator. In addition, the different methods of pump control were compared. These are displacement control, speed control and both controls. The efficiency of each control method was compared based on the determined mechanical input power at the pump drive shaft. By comparing these control methods, it was found that the combination of both control methods can achieve up to 93% savings of mechanical power in the controlled state (stand-by state). Also, the adverse effects resulting from each control method t... [more]
An Online Energy-Saving Control Allocation Strategy Based on Self-Updating Loss Estimation for Multi-Motor Drive Systems
August 28, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: control allocation, energy-saving, motor loss estimation, multi-motor drive system
In this paper, an online energy-saving control allocation strategy based on self-updating loss estimation for multi-motor drive systems is proposed, where the impact of variations in motor parameters and distribution coefficients is considered. Firstly, a drive system model for multi-motor drive systems incorporating iron loss in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is established. Then, a self-updating PMSM loss estimation method based on dynamic torque−current mapping is proposed. The torque−current mapping is initially identified based on the conv-fusion curve, and iteratively updated by optimal estimation. Subsequently, an online control allocation method based on line search is proposed, which mitigates the adverse effects caused by variations in distribution coefficients and reduces the total motor loss. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified on the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL)-based platform. The results demonstrate that the strategy effectively enhan... [more]
Research on Gas Control Technology in Goaf Based on the Influence of Mining Speed
August 23, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: gas extraction, high-level borehole optimization, mining speed, mining-induced fractures, numerical simulation
To comprehensively understand the influence of mining speed on gas emissions in goaf during coal seam extraction, enhance gas extraction efficiency in goaf, manage gas emissions at the working face, and ensure safety in the mining production process. This study focuses on the No. 3 mining area of Wangjialing Mine, employing numerical simulations to analyze the evolution of mining-induced fractures and the characteristics of gas distribution in the overburden at varying mining speeds. Furthermore, by integrating actual gas emission and extraction data at the production face, this study examines the quantitative relationship between mining speed and gas emissions in the goaf, identifying optimal regions for high-position borehole layouts and conducting borehole optimization design and investigation. The results of this study indicate that the initial caving step distance of the goaf roof increases with the advancement speed of the working face. Conversely, the maximum height of through f... [more]
Dynamic Change Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Pore Gas and Water in Tight Reservoir of Yan’an Gas Field in Ordos Basin
August 23, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: absorption of water vapor, gas–water distribution, nuclear magnetic resonance, tight reservoir, water saturation, Yan’an gas field
Tight sandstone gas has become an important field of natural gas development in China. The tight sandstone gas resources of Yan’an gas field in Ordos Basin have made great progress. However, due to the complex gas−water relationship, its exploration and development have been seriously restricted. The occurrence state of water molecules in tight reservoirs, the dynamic change characteristics of gas−water two-phase seepage and its main controlling factors are still unclear. In this paper, the water-occurrence state, gas−water two-phase fluid distribution and dynamic change characteristics of different types of tight reservoir rock samples in Yan’an gas field were studied by means of water vapor isothermal adsorption experiment and nuclear magnetic resonance methane flooding experiment, and the main controlling factors were discussed. The results show that water molecules in different types of tight reservoirs mainly occur in clay minerals and their main participation is in the formation... [more]
Fault Diagnosis Method of Bearings Based on SCSSA-VMD-MCKD
August 23, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: fault diagnosis, Maximum Correlated Kurtosis Deconvolution, rolling bearings, Sparrow Search Algorithm, Variational Mode Decomposition
To tackle the issue of detecting early, subtle faults in rolling bearings in the presence of noise interference, the SCSSA-VMD-MCKD method is suggested. This method optimizes the Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and Maximum Correlated Kurtosis Deconvolution (MCKD) by integrating the sine-cosine and Cauchy Mutation Sparrow Search Algorithm (SCSSA). The approach aims to effectively diagnose faults in rolling bearings by leveraging the strengths of VMD and MCKD in noise reduction and highlighting fault frequencies. The method utilizes the SCSSA algorithm to autonomously search for parameters in both VMD and MCKD, using the EnvelopeCrest Factor Ec as a fitness function. Firstly, SCSSA is employed to optimize the decomposition mode number K and penalty factor α in the VMD algorithm. Secondly, the parameters in the MCKD algorithm are optimized, and MCKD is used for deconvolution to enhance the impulsive characteristics of the best modal component. Finally, the signal is further analyzed... [more]
Research on an Adaptive Active Suspension Leveling Control Method for Special Vehicles
August 23, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: active suspension, automatic leveling, gyroscope, hydraulic cylinders, Kalman filtering, PID
Adaptive active suspension systems, integral to specialized vehicles, hold significance for their stability and safety. This study introduces a novel adaptive active suspension system featuring four independently controlled wheels employing wheel-hub motors, hydraulic cylinders, pump motor power, controllers, and sensors. A rapid and, within a certain range, leveling and height adjustment control strategy is proposed for this system, utilizing the Kalman filter algorithm. Additionally, the paper examines the front-wheel Ackermann steering model and four-wheel reverse Ackermann transition model to enhance the suspension’s stability. Subsequently, experiments on leveling and height adjustment are conducted, demonstrating the system’s capability to swiftly and accurately rectify the vehicle’s deviation angle within the specified threshold. Following adjustments made by the leveling and height control algorithm, the vehicle body promptly returns to the preset level state and designated hei... [more]
Evaluation of the Synergistic Oil Displacement Effect of a CO2 Low Interfacial Tension Viscosity-Increasing System in Ultra-Low Permeability Reservoirs
August 23, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: CO2 flooding, low interfacial tension viscosity-increasing systems, mechanisms of enhanced oil recovery, mobility control, ultra-low permeability reservoir, water–gas alternating
In addressing the issue of poor control over gas permeability during the CO2 flooding process in ultra-low permeability reservoirs, this study proposes the use of a low interfacial tension viscosity-increasing system as a substitute for water in CO2−water alternating flooding to enhance CO2 mobility control and increase oil recovery. The performance of the system was evaluated through tests of viscosity, interfacial tension, wettability, and emulsification properties, and the injection behavior and gas channeling prevention effect of the viscosity-increasing system with CO2 alternate flooding were investigated. The results indicate that the low interfacial tension viscosity-increasing fluid exhibits good thickening properties, interfacial activity, hydrophilic wettability, and oil−water emulsification performance, also demonstrating strong environmental adaptability. The CO2−low interfacial tension viscosity-increasing fluid alternate flooding shows good injectivity in ultra-low permea... [more]
10. LAPSE:2024.1829
Filtered Right Coprime Factorization and Its Application to Control a Pneumatic Cylinder
August 23, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: nonlinear control, operator theory, position control, right coprime factorization, sliding mode control, stage
The main objective of this research is to expand right coprime factorization based on operator theory in nonlinear systems. A novel method for right coprime factorization is proposed by introducing an operator that can deform the system’s response into an arbitrary shape. This enables the design of control systems that are highly effective against noise. As an application, we use a pneumatic stage. The effectiveness of this method is verified through simulations and real-world experiments.
11. LAPSE:2024.1756
Failure Characteristics and Cooperative Control Strategies for Gob-Side Entry Driving near an Advancing Working Face: A Case Study
August 23, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: coal pillar width, cooperative control strategies, double-yield model, gob-side entry driving near an advancing working face, stability of surrounding rock
Gob-side entry driving near an advancing working face can improve the recovery rate of coal resources and keep the balance between mining and development. However, the large displacement of the gob-side entry caused by the mining dynamics of abutment pressure challenges the safety and processes of coal mining. This article takes the 15102 tailentry of Xizhang Coal Mine in Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, as an example to study the stability of the coal pillar and the failure characteristics of the surrounding rock and proposes cooperative control strategies of surrounding rock stability. Field tests indicated that when the coal pillar width was 15 m, the displacements of the entry floor, roof, coal pillar side, and solid coal side were 1121 mm, 601 mm, 783 mm, and 237 mm, respectively. A meticulously validated numerical model, incorporating a double-yield model for the gob materials and calibrated parameters, was developed to investigate the stress changes and yield zone distribution ac... [more]
12. LAPSE:2024.1742
Monitoring and Reconstruction of Actuator and Sensor Attacks for Lipschitz Nonlinear Dynamic Systems Using Two Types of Augmented Descriptor Observers
August 23, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: adaptive observer, attack monitoring, attack reconstruction, augmented descriptor system approach, data injection attack, sliding-mode observer
Fault data injection attacks may lead to a decrease in system performance and even a malfunction in system operation for an automatic feedback control system, which has motive to develop an effective method for rapidly detecting such attacks so that appropriate measures can be taken correspondingly. In this study, a secure descriptor estimation technique is proposed for continuous-time Lipschitz nonlinear cyber physical systems affected by actuator attacks, sensor attacks, and unknown process uncertainties. Specifically, by forming a new state vector composed of original system states and sensor faults, an equivalent descriptor dynamic system is built. A proportional and derivate sliding-mode observer is presented so that the system states, sensor attack, and actuator attack can be reconstructed successfully. The observer gains are obtained by using linear matrix inequality to secure robustly stable estimation error dynamics. Moreover, a robust descriptor fast adaptive observer estimat... [more]
13. LAPSE:2024.1738
A Semi-Global Finite-Time Dynamic Control Strategy of Stochastic Nonlinear Systems
August 23, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: dynamic gain, homogeneous domination method, semi-global finite-time stable in probability, stochastic nonlinear system
In the article, the semi-global finite-time control strategy for stochastic nonlinear systems is studied. Firstly, the general stochastic nonlinear system is considered and the required conditions are provided. An important theorem that helps to construct the controller directly is subsequently obtained by adopting a dynamic gain and homogeneous domination method. The equilibrium of the whole system is semi-global finite-time stable in probability (SGFSP) under the designed controller. Finally, the presented method is successfully applied to a second-order system. Simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the method.
14. LAPSE:2024.1698
Internal Model Control Design for Nonlinear Systems Based on Inverse Dynamic Takagi−Sugeno Fuzzy Model
August 23, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: dynamic TS fuzzy model, exact fuzzy model inversion, internal model control, SISO nonlinear systems, trajectory tracking
In recent years, applications of inverse model-based control techniques have experienced significant growth in popularity and have been widely used in engineering applications, mainly in nonlinear control system design problems. In this study, a novel fuzzy internal model control (IMC) structure is presented for single-input-single-output (SISO) nonlinear systems. The proposed structure uses the forward and inverse dynamic Takagi−Sugeno (D-TS) fuzzy models of the nonlinear system within the IMC framework for the first time in literature. The proposed fuzzy IMC is obtained in a two-step procedure. A SISO nonlinear system is first approximated using a D-TS fuzzy system, of which the rule consequents are linearized subsystems derived from the nonlinear system. A novel approach is used to achieve the exact inversion of the SISO D-TS fuzzy model, which is then utilized as a control element within the IMC framework. In this way, the control design problem is simplified to the inversion probl... [more]
15. LAPSE:2024.1680
Study on Multi-Scale Cloud Growth Characteristics of Frustoconical Dispersal Devices
August 23, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: cloud morphology control, frustum of cone, fuel dispersal, multi-scale coupling
This study aims to understand cloud growth behavior and enhance cloud safety and reliability by investigating the design of cloud dispersal devices. Based on the experimental results and simulation results, this study analyzes the dispersion characteristics of cloud materials within a frustoconical device with a semi-cone angle ranging from 0° to 10° across multiple scales. The collision aggregation model for cloud particles and the multi-scale coupling mechanism for cloud growth are established. The research shows that the semi-cone angle of the device extends the effective cloud growth duration and enlarges the cloud macroscopic size. At the mesoscopic scale, vortex phenomena are observed, causing particles to converge within the cloud, resulting in collisions and aggregation. The vortices enhance the continuity of the cloud concentration. The magnitude of these vortices demonstrates a positive correlation with the magnitude of the semi-cone angle of the dispersal device. For a macro... [more]
16. LAPSE:2024.1606
Integration of Chemical Looping Reforming and Shift Reactors for Blue H2 and N2 Production
August 16, 2024 (v2)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: blue hydrogen and nitrogen production, Chemical-looping reforming, optimal control problem, shift reactor
Chemical looping Reforming (CLR) is seen as a promising technology for blue hydrogen production. With proper control, CLR in fixed bed reactors has demonstrated the capability to generate blue hydrogen and nitrogen from a single reactor. To enhance efficiency and H2 purity in the product stream, integration of a CLR reactor with a heat recovery system and a Shift reactor is essential. This study explores the design and control of an integrated CLR-Shift reactors system. The integrated system yields a product stream with 75% H2 mole fraction during the Reforming step of CLR, and a nitrogen with high purity (98%) during the Oxidation step. In the best-case scenario, the integrated system produces H2 and N2 at a molar ratio of 1.26 with H2 production efficiency of 80.1%.
17. LAPSE:2024.1569
NMPC for Mode-Switching Operation of Reversible Solid Oxide Cell Systems
August 16, 2024 (v2)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: Energy & Environment, Implementation, NMPC, Process Optimization & Control, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, SOEC, SOFC, Solid Oxide Cells
Solid oxide cells (SOCs) are a promising dual-mode technology that generates hydrogen through high-temperature water electrolysis and generates power through a fuel cell reaction that consumes hydrogen. Reversible operation of SOCs requires a transition between these two modes for hydrogen production setpoints as the demand and price of electricity fluctuate. Moreover, a well-functioning control system is important to avoid cell degradation during mode-switching operation. In this work, we apply nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) to an SOC module and supporting equipment and compare NMPC performance to classical proportional integral (PI) control strategies, while ramping between the modes of hydrogen and power production. While both control methods provide similar performance in many metrics, NMPC significantly reduces cell thermal gradients and curvatures (mixed spatial temporal partial derivatives) during mode switching. A dynamic process flowsheet of the reversible SOC syste... [more]
18. LAPSE:2024.1557
Optimal Design and Control of Behind-the-Meter Resources for Retail Buildings with EV Fast Charging
August 16, 2024 (v2)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: Battery Energy Storage, Derivative-free Optimization, Distributed Generation, Electric Vehicle Fast Charging, Model Predictive Control
The growing electrification of buildings and vehicles, while a natural step towards achieving global decarbonization, poses some challenges for the electric grid in terms of power consumption. One way of addressing them is by deploying onsite, behind-the-meter resources (BTMR), such as battery energy storage and solar PV generation. The optimal design of these systems, however, is a demanding task that depends on the integration of multiple complex subsystems. In this work, the optimal integrated design and dispatch of BTMR systems for retail buildings with electric vehicle fast charging stations is addressed. A framework is proposed, combining high-fidelity simulation (of buildings, electric vehicle fast charging stations, and BTMR), predictive control strategies with closed-loop implementation, and a derivative-free design method that explores parallelization and high-performance computing. Focus is given to the design layer, highlighting the effect of parallelization on the choice o... [more]
19. LAPSE:2024.1535
Cost-optimal Selection of pH Control for Mineral Scaling Prevention in High Recovery Reverse Osmosis Desalination
August 16, 2024 (v2)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: Optimization, Pretreatment, Reverse Osmosis, Surrogate Model, Technoeconomic Analysis, Water
Explicitly incorporating the effects of chemical phenomena such as chemical pretreatment and mineral scaling during the design of treatment systems is critical; however, the complexity of these phenomena and limitations on data have historically hindered the incorporation of detailed water chemistry into the modeling and optimization of water desalination systems. Thus, while qualitative assessments and experimental studies on chemical pretreatment and scaling are abundant in the literature, very little has been done to assess the technoeconomic implications of different chemical pretreatment alternatives within the context of end-to-end water treatment train optimization. In this work, we begin to address this challenge by exploring the impact of pH control during pretreatment on the cost and operation of a high-recovery desalination train. We compare three pH control methods used in water treatment (H2SO4, HCl, and CO2) and assess their impact on the operation of a desalination plant... [more]
20. LAPSE:2024.1314
Low Energy Cost Synchronization Strategy for Markovian Switching Complex Systems/Networks: Multiple Perspectives Comparative Analysis
June 21, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: complex systems/networks, event-triggered control strategy, Markovian switching, pinning control strategy
In this paper, the low energy cost synchronization control strategy of Markovian switching complex systems/networks is mainly studied and analyzed through multiple perspectives. Firstly, in order to achieve synchronization of Markovian switching complex networks with low energy cost, a control scheme based on the optimal node selection strategy that does not depend on the network coupling strength is improved, and a finite-time controller with a simpler structure is constructed. Secondly, based on the event-triggered control strategy an effective trigger event is designed to achieve the low energy cost synchronization of Markovian switching complex networks on the basis of reducing the information transmission and interaction between networks. Finally, the two control strategies mentioned in this paper are compared and analyzed from multiple perspectives through numerical simulations to better guide practical engineering.
21. LAPSE:2024.1311
Improving the Feedforward Component for Recent Variants of Predictive Functional Control
June 21, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: coincidence horizon, feed-forward control, pre-stabilisation, predictive functional control, preview control
A recent study demonstrated that the use of feedforward information with conventional Predictive Functional Control (PFC) leads to unexpected inconsistencies, with subsequent negative impacts on tuning and behaviour. A proposal was made to define the coincident point differently and shown to reduce the lag in the closed-loop PFC responses and applied to some systems with benign dynamics. Other recent work has looked at parameterisations of the future input to deal with challenging open-loop dynamics and significantly extended the range of problems for which PFC can be effective. This paper combines the two concepts, and thus proposes an algorithm that has both more effective and simple tuning than original PFC as well as being applicable to a range of challenging dynamics.
22. LAPSE:2024.1307
Nonlinear Predictive Control of Diesel Engine DOC Outlet Temperature
June 21, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: Diesel DOC, gradient descent method, LSTM neural network, Model Predictive Control, outlet temperature, regeneration mode temperature
In the regeneration mode, precise control of the Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) outlet temperature is crucial for the complete combustion of carbon Particulate Matter (PM) in the subsequent Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and the effective conversion of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) in the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR). The temperature elevation process of the DOC involves a series of intricate physicochemical reactions characterized by high nonlinearity, substantial time delays, and uncertainties. These factors render effective and stable control of the DOC outlet temperature challenging. To address these issues, this study proposes an approach based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks for Model Predictive Control (MPC), emphasizing precise control of the Diesel Oxidation Catalyst’s outlet temperature during the regeneration mode. To tackle the system’s nonlinear characteristics, LSTM is employed to construct a predictive model for the outlet temperature of the Diesel Oxid... [more]
23. LAPSE:2024.1293
Control Approach of Grid-Connected PV Inverter under Unbalanced Grid Conditions
June 21, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: DC-link voltage oscillations, photovoltaic systems, power control strategies, unbalanced conditions
In grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems, power quality and voltage control are necessary, particularly under unbalanced grid conditions. These conditions frequently lead to double-line frequency power oscillations, which worsen Direct Current (DC)-link voltage ripples and stress DC-link capacitors. The well-known dq frame vector control technique, which is effective under normal conditions, struggles with oscillatory component management in unbalanced grid conditions. To address this issue, this paper presents an advanced control approach designed for grid-connected PV inverters. The proposed approach is effective at reducing oscillations in the DC-link voltage at double the grid frequency, thereby enhancing system stability and component longevity. This method introduces a feedback control method designed to regulate oscillatory components that appeared within the dq frame and suppress the DC-link voltage oscillations under imbalance conditions, including single line-to-ground (SL... [more]
24. LAPSE:2024.1278
Centrifugal Pump Cavitation Fault Diagnosis Based on Feature-Level Multi-Source Information Fusion
June 21, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: backpropagation neural network, cavitation, centrifugal pump, feature-level multi-source information fusion, support vector machine
In nuclear power systems, centrifugal pumps often need to operate under extreme conditions. However, accurately determining the cavitation status of centrifugal pumps under such extreme conditions is challenging. To improve the recognition accuracy of the three statuses of non-cavitation, incipient cavitation, and severe cavitation while improving the anti-interference capability of the monitoring system, this study extracted cavitation features from centrifugal pumps’ motor current and vibration signals under three different operational conditions. It fused the features using feature-level multi-source information fusion (MSIF) based on the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) or support vector machine (SVM) to construct a cavitation status recognition model and analyzed the results to compare with those of recognition without information fusion. The results show that, compared with one signal source, MSIF can significantly improve the recognition accuracy of cavitation statuses. Com... [more]
25. LAPSE:2024.1253
A Novel Nonlinear Filter-Based Robust Adaptive Control Method for a Class of Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems
June 21, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: adaptive control, input feed-forward, nonlinear discrete-time systems, nonlinear filter
This paper introduces an innovative adaptive control approach utilizing a nonlinear filter for a specific subset of nonlinear discrete-time systems, considering the presence of both input and output noise. The system can be transformed into a nonlinear autoregressive moving average with exogenous inputs (NARMAX) model. The concept of discrete Nussbaum gain is introduced to address the theoretical constraint associated with unknown directions of feed-forward or control gains, and the extended adaptive tuning sequence is introduced to facilitate the acceleration of parameter updating. In the case of no noise, asymptotical output tracking and global stability are achieved with the adaptive control. Further, in the presence of input noise and output noise, a novel nonlinear filter is designed to generate a more accurate filtered output, which improves the control system’s ability to adapt and track accurately. Finally, examples are provided to showcase the effectiveness and precision of th... [more]