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Records Added in June 2023
Records added in June 2023
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The Failure Mechanism and Countermeasures of Cement Sheath in Vertical Section of Well during Hydraulic Fracturing
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Systems
Keywords: casing-cement sheath-formation assembly, hydraulic fracturing, Mohr–Coulomb criterion, sustained casing pressure, Young’s modulus
The sustained casing pressure (SCP) phenomenon of shale gas and oil wells occurs frequently after fracturing; therefore, in order to assess the cement sheath’s integrity in the vertical well portion, the cement stones were subjected to a compression test under different temperatures and confining pressures to obtain the mechanical parameters of the cement sheath at different well depths. The integrity of the cement ring between the production casing and the intermediate casing was then investigated using the Moore−Coulomb criterion. We also took into account other elements including pump pressure, production casing wall thickness, and cement ring mechanical properties. The results show that (1) the compressive strength, Poisson’s ratio, and Young’s modulus of cement stone vary obviously under different confining pressures and temperature conditions, and the cement stone shows elastic−brittle failure characteristics at 20 °C. The compressive strength, Poisson’s ratio, and Young’s modulu... [more]
Special Issue on “Anammox-Based Processes for Wastewater Treatment”
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Environment
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox, A) has become an appealing bioprocess for the water sector as a method to remove nitrogen (N) from wastewater using low-energy and organic carbon inputs [...]
Ruthenium Catalysts Supported on Hydrothermally Treated Carbon from Rice Husk: The Effect of Reduction Temperature on the Hydrogenation Reaction of Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Food & Agricultural Processes
Keywords: hydrothermally treated carbon, levulinic acid hydrogenation, rice husk, Ru catalyst, γ-valerolactone
Ru catalysts supported on activated carbon obtained by hydrothermal treatment of rice husk were evaluated in the hydrogenation reaction of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone. The hydrothermally treated carbon was characterized by nitrogen physisorption, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis, and the catalysts were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction, and temperature-programmed desorption of pyridine (acidic properties). Prior to the reaction, the catalysts were reduced at different temperatures in the range of 100−350 °C to evaluate the effect of the reduction temperature on the performance in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid. The reaction was carried out in a batch reactor at 70 °C and 1.5 MPa. The results of conversion and selectivity to γ-valerolactone showed that the catalyst with the best performance was the sample reduced at 200 °C. After 2 h of reaction, a γ-valerolactone yield of 74% was achieved.... [more]
Evaluating the Efficacy of Intelligent Methods for Maximum Power Point Tracking in Wind Energy Harvesting Systems
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Management
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, MPPT, wind energy harvesting system
As wind energy is widely available, an increasing number of individuals, especially in off-grid rural areas, are adopting it as a dependable and sustainable energy source. The energy of the wind is harvested through a device known as a wind energy harvesting system (WEHS). These systems convert the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy using wind turbines (WT) and electrical generators. However, the output power of a wind turbine is affected by various factors, such as wind speed, wind direction, and generator design. In order to optimize the performance of a WEHS, it is important to track the maximum power point (MPP) of the system. Various methods of tracking the MPP of the WEHS have been proposed by several research articles, which include traditional techniques such as direct power control (DPC) and indirect power control (IPC). These traditional methods in the standalone form are characterized by some drawbacks which render the method ineffective. The hybrid techniques com... [more]
Numerical Validation of a New Analytical Solution for Helical (Earth-Basket) Type Ground Heat Exchangers
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Modelling and Simulations
Keywords: computational fluid dynamics (CFD), earth basket collector, engineering tool, finite line source (FLS), G-function, GHEX, shallow geothermal, spiral ground heat exchanger design
In this paper, we show that an analytical solution based on the Finite Line Source and G-function approach is both sufficiently fast and accurate for design calculations of ground heat exchangers with a complex (spiral) geometry. Detailed validations were performed for the steady-state and transient responses of analytical models with different time scales (10 h and 250 h). A comparison with a detailed computational fluid dynamics model (Ansys Fluent) and the analytical method for different boundary conditions showed a very good agreement (maximum root mean square error) smaller than 0.25 K.
Study on the Influence of Electron Beam Radiation Sterilization Method on Chinese Mural Pigment
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Materials
Keywords: chromatic aberration, electron beam radiation, mineral pigment, mural protection, radiation sterilization
Murals are one of the important cultural heritages of mankind. The microbial control of murals is an important subject in mural painting conservation. In recent years, electron beam radiation sterilization has attracted more and more attention in the field of cultural relic protection. Murals are immovable cultural relics, so conventional electron beam irradiation equipment can not be used. However, the development of small mobile electron beam irradiation equipment shows the potential of radiation’s application in the sterilization protection of immovable cultural relics such as murals. A feasibility study of radiation sterilization in mural paintings is needed to investigate the effect of sterilization and the influence of sterilization dose on the stability of mural painting pigments and bonding materials. In this paper, the radiation effects of typical bacteria in tomb murals and mineral pigment powder in ancient Chinese paintings were studied in a laboratory. Firstly, aeromonas hy... [more]
Thermogravimetric Analysis on Co-Gasification Characteristics of Sludge and Straw under CO2 Atmosphere
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Systems
Keywords: co-gasification, CO2 atmosphere, reaction kinetics analysis, sludge, straw
To maximize the potential energy utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes and sludge, experimental studies were conducted on the co-gasification characteristics of two types of sludge (municipal sludge, MS; paper-mill sludge, PS) and a typical biomass straw (ST) under CO2 atmosphere. In this paper, the main two stages of the gasification process, the pyrolysis in the low-temperature region and the CO2-gasification in the high-temperature region, were separately studied and analyzed. The experimental results showed that biomass could effectively promote the pyrolysis of the sludge in the low-temperature region and improve the gasification in the high-temperature region. Due to the complex interactions between components, the characteristic parameters presented obvious nonlinear rules during the co-pyrolysis and co-gasification processes. For the MS-ST mixtures, when increasing the ST content, (i) in the pyrolysis process, the initial reaction temperature gradually decreased, but... [more]
Digital Twin Based Design and Experimental Validation of a Continuous Peptide Polishing Step
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: continuous chromatography, digital twin, peptide purification
Optimizing or debottlenecking existing production plants is a challenging task. In this case study, an existing reversed phased chromatography polishing step for peptide purification was optimized with the help of a digital twin. The existing batch chromatography was depicted digitally with the general rate model. Model parameter determination and model validation was done with dedicated experiments. The digital twin was then used to identify optimized process variants, especially continuous chromatography steps. MCSGP was found to achieve high purities and yield but at the cost of productivity due to column synchronization. An alternative Continuous Twin Column chromatography process (CTCC) was established that eliminates unnecessary waiting times. Ensuring the same or higher purity compared to the batch process, the continuous process achieved a yield increase of 31% and productivity increase of 27.6%. Experimental long runs confirmed these results.
Assessment of Physical and Sensory Attributes of Date-Based Energy Drink Treated with Ultrasonication: Modelling Changes during Storage and Predicting Shelf Life
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Modelling and Simulations
Keywords: energy drink, Modelling, palm date, quality and sensory properties, ultrasonic
Sonication is a relatively new and eco-friendly method used to extend the shelf life of food products. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ultrasonication and thermal treatments on the physical and sensory properties of an energy drink made from dates during cold storage at 4 °C. The study compared the effects of ultrasonication for 20, 30, and 40 min at 50% amplitude with thermal treatment at 90 °C for 5 min, aiming to model the changes in properties of processed drinks over time and predict their shelf life by integrating quality attributes. The results showed that total soluble solids (TSS) and electrical conductivity (EC) were not affected by cold storage and did not differ significantly between sonicated, thermally processed, and untreated samples. However, significant differences in pH; L*, a*, and b* values; Chroma; and sensory attributes were detected among the sonicated, thermally processed, and untreated samples. The sensory properties of the sonicated samples for... [more]
10. LAPSE:2023.36120
Research on Valve Life Prediction Based on PCA-PSO-LSSVM
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Numerical Methods and Statistics
Keywords: ball valve, least squares support vector machine, life prediction, Particle Swarm Optimization, principal component analysis
The valve is a key control component in the oil and gas transportation system, which, due to the environment, transmission medium, and other factors, is susceptible to internal leakage, resulting in valve failure. Conventional testing methods cannot judge the service life of valves. Therefore, it is important to carry out valve life prediction research for oil and gas transmission safety. In this work, a valve service life prediction method based on the PCA-PSO-LSSVM algorithm is proposed. The main factors affecting valve service life are obtained by principal component analysis (PCA), the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) is used to predict the valve service life, the parameters are optimized by using particle swarm optimization (PSO), and the valve service life prediction model is established. The results show that the predicted valve service life based on the PCA-PSO-LSSVM algorithm is closer to the actual value, with an average relative error (MRE) of 16.57% and a root m... [more]
11. LAPSE:2023.36119
Construction of Water Vapor Stable Ultramicroporous Copper-Based Metal−Organic Framework for Efficient CO2 Capture
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Materials
Keywords: Carbon Dioxide, Energy, environment, MOFs, porous material
It is quite essential to obtain an excellent CO2 adsorption capacity, CO2 adsorption selectivity and water vapor stability at the same time for practical CO2 capture after combustion. Through the combination of ultramicropore and the high density of CO2-philic sites without OMSs, an ultra-microporous Cu-based metal−organic framework has been designed and synthesized, featuring a high CO2 capacity (99 cm3 g−1 and 56.6 cm3 g−1 at 273 K and 298 K, respectively), high selectivity over N2 (118 at a scale of CO2/N2 15/85, 298 K) and excellent water vapor stability, simultaneously. Theoretical calculations indicate that neighboring ketonic O atoms with suitable distance play vital roles in boosting CO2 selective capture.
12. LAPSE:2023.36118
Synergism of a Novel Bio-Based Surfactant Derived from Pisum sativum and Formation Brine for Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery in Carbonate Oil Reservoirs
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Systems
Keywords: capillary number, contact angle, emulsion, green surfactant, IFT, oil recovery factor, Pisum sativum
The Pisum sativum (PS), known as the green pea, was used in this investigation to produce a novel green surfactant. The performance of the PS green surfactant was also evaluated using various tests, including contact angle, IFT, emulsion, zeta potential, and oil recovery factor measurement in the presence of formation brine (FB) with a total dissolved solid (TDS) of 150,000 ppm. The characterization study using various tests revealed that the PS green surfactant was nonionic. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) measurement results indicated that the PS green surfactant’s CMC value is 1500 ppm. The IFT and contact angle measurements showed that the green surfactant significantly lowered the IFT and contact angles. The lowest IFT value of 3.71 mN/m and the contact angle of 57.37° were achieved at the FB concentration of 12,500 ppm (optimum salinity). The results of the emulsion tests showed that Winsor type III emulsions were achieved using PS green surfactant and crude oil. The cor... [more]
13. LAPSE:2023.36117
The Impact of Air Source Heat Pump on the Production Performance of Broiler Chicks
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Environment
Keywords: air source heat pump, chick rearing environment, production performance, yellow-feathered broiler chicken
Air source heat pump (ASHP) is a good new energy heating system. To explore the effect of ASHP on the production of yellow-feather broiler chicks, 31,500 one-day-old yellow broiler chicks were divided into three chicken houses with the same building structure but different heating methods (ASHP, CCF, CB). During the experiment, the parameters of heating time, temperature uniformity, gas concentration, weight gain, survival rate and production benefit were analyzed and evaluated. Results showed that the difference in NH3, CO2, and H2S concentrations was not significant in all test groups (p > 0.05). Only group II detected the CO gas. In winter and spring, the weight of the chickens in group II were weighed the least at 35 days of age, and were significantly different from the ASHP and CB system (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in body weight between ASHP and CB (p > 0.05). Group II had the lowest evenness and survival, the slowest warming, the worst uniformity of temperat... [more]
14. LAPSE:2023.36116
Special Issue “Active Flow Control Processes with Machine Learning and the Internet of Things”
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Information Management
The desired changes in flow characteristics are obtained by flow control, which implies manipulating flow behavior such as drag reduction, mixing augmentation, or noise attenuation, employing active or passive devices [...]
15. LAPSE:2023.36115
Detailed Simulations of a Three-Stage Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Axial Compressor with a Focus on the Shrouded Stator Cavities Flow
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Modelling and Simulations
Keywords: axial compressor, cavity, cavity leakage flow, hub cavity flow, seal teeth, shrouded stator, supercritical CO2
This paper describes the findings of detailed simulations performed to investigate the impact of seal teeth cavity leakage flow on the aerodynamic and thermal performance of a three-stage supercritical CO2 axial compressor. The study compares a shrouded stator configuration (with cavities) to a cantilevered stator configuration (without cavities) to highlight their differences. High-fidelity computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed using non-linear harmonic (NLH) and mixing plane assumptions, considering various possible rotor/stator interface configurations for mixing plane calculations. The key performance parameters for each case were compared, and the best-performing configuration selected for further analysis. The individual stage performance parameters are also examined and compared between the cantilevered and shrouded configurations. It was observed that in the shrouded case, the leakage flow enters the cavity downstream of the stator trailing edge and gets entra... [more]
16. LAPSE:2023.36114
Real-Time Steel Surface Defect Detection with Improved Multi-Scale YOLO-v5
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Numerical Methods and Statistics
Keywords: convolutional neural network, deep learning, steel surface defect detection
Steel surface defect detection is an important issue when producing high-quality steel materials. Traditional defect detection methods are time-consuming and uneconomical and require manually designed prior information or extra supervisors. Surface defects have different representations and features at different scales, which make it challenging to automatically detect the locations and defect types. This paper proposes a real-time steel surface defect detection technology based on the YOLO-v5 detection network. In order to effectively explore the multi-scale information of the surface defect, a multi-scale explore block is especially developed in the detection network to improve the detection performance. Furthermore, the spatial attention mechanism is also developed to focus more on the defect information. Experimental results show that the proposed network can accurately detect steel surface defects with approximately 72% mAP and satisfies the real-time speed requirement.
17. LAPSE:2023.36113
Application of New High-Energy Expansion Agent in Coal Mine Roadway Excavation
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Systems
Keywords: blast vibration, roadway driving, rock breaking technique, safety
A new energy material, a high-energy expansion agent (HEEA), was proposed for the harsh engineering environment of a mine. A safety test and field engineering test were carried out. The results showed that the mechanical sensitivity of the HEEA was extremely low, and no combustion and explosion occurred in multiple impact and friction tests. Meanwhile, the HEEA only burns in open spaces without detonation. Through field experiments, the HEEA can achieve a good blasting effect, providing strong support for its promotion in low-disturbance environmental engineering applications.
18. LAPSE:2023.36112
Anti-Overturning Capability and Fuzzy PID Speed Control for Four-Way Shuttle Vehicles in Processed Grain Storage
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Food & Agricultural Processes
Keywords: anti-overturning analysis, four-way shuttle vehicle, fuzzy PID control, processed grain storage
As the four-way shuttle vehicle is prone to overturning in finished grain storage during acceleration and deceleration, an overturning mechanical model is constructed. The design factors analyzed include grain bag height, vehicle and grain bag mass, and the type of grain’s effect on the vehicle’s anti-overturning stability. The critical overturning condition of the shuttle vehicle during operation is also determined as a result of this analysis. With the critical overturning condition, the speed control of the shuttle vehicle based on the fuzzy PID method is carried out to improve the anti-overturning stability. Significant details are made about the fuzzification of input and output variables, determination of membership function, establishment of the fuzzy rule base, fuzzy reasoning, and defuzzification. Finally, the comparative simulation model of fuzzy PID and conventional PID in the MATLAB/Simulink platform showed that the fuzzy PID control method had the advantages of fast conver... [more]
19. LAPSE:2023.36111
Embedded MPC Strategies for ESP-Lifted Oil Wells: Hardware-in-the-Loop Performance Analysis of Nonlinear and Robust Techniques
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Process Control
Keywords: artificial lift, electrical submersible pump, embedded control, Nonlinear Model Predictive Control, robust model predictive control, zone control
This paper proposes embedded model predictive control strategies for oil-production processes equipped with electric submersible pump (ESP) installations. The novelty of this paper is the robustness and computational performance analysis of the Robust Infinite-Horizon Model Predictive Controller (RIHMPC) and Nonlinear Model Predictive Controller (NMPC) strategies, which have not yet been documented by the oil and gas exploration and production literature. The proposed method to embed the control laws is flexible with different hardware and is based on automatic code generation, which facilitates the project workflow. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation cases were used to compare the performance of both control strategies embedded in the Teensy 4.1 microcontroller, using key indices for real applications. The results showed that the RIHMPC strategy is a very promising alternative for real-time operation in ESP-lifted oil wells, with overall performance similar to the NMPC controller, even i... [more]
20. LAPSE:2023.36110
The Application of the Gesture Analysis Method Based on Hybrid RF and CNN Algorithms in an IoT−VR Human−Computer Interaction System
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Numerical Methods and Statistics
Keywords: CNN, gesture analysis, human–computer interaction, IoT, RF, VR
With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and virtual reality (VR) technology, the demand for high-precision gesture intelligent analysis of a human−machine interaction module for IoT−VR systems is increasing. Therefore, random forest (RF) and convolution neural network (CNN) algorithms are used in this study to build an intelligent gesture recognition model. The experiments were conducted to test the application performance of the design model. The test results show that the qualification rate of the analytical model designed in this study is significantly higher than that of the comparative model. When the threshold is determined to be 43.26 mm, the analytical qualification rates of the RF-CNN (the method of combining RF with CNN algorithms), faster regions with CNN features (Faster-RCNN), and RF models are 82.41%, 76.10%, and 59.10%, respectively. The calculation time of the RF−CNN model is between the two comparative models. From the test data, it can be observed that th... [more]
21. LAPSE:2023.36109
Junction Temperature Prediction Model for GaAs HBT Devices Based on ASO-ELM
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Modelling and Simulations
Keywords: ASO, ELM, GaAs HBT, junction temperature, power cell
In this study, an accurate temperature prediction model is proposed for GaAs HBT, which considers both the bias voltage and current rather than power consumption only. The increase in temperature is closely related to the heat source property, which leads to a complex interaction between the lattice vibration and the uneven distribution of the electric field and current density. To improve the accuracy and stability of the temperature prediction model, a machine learning method of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) optimized with an Atomic Search Algorithm (ASO) is introduced. The validity of the model is verified by comparing it with experimental observations by the QFI InfraScope TM temperature mapping system. The predicted temperatures for an 8 × 8 HBT power cell fabricated with 2 μm GaAs technology show good agreement with the measurement results, with a ±2 °C error and a relative error deviation below 3%. This demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed model in accurately p... [more]
22. LAPSE:2023.36108
The Methods and Characteristics of the Electrochemical Oxidation Degradation of HMX
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: degradation pathway, HMX, microbiological degradation, ringed ammonium nitrate, toxic action
Octagon (HMX) is a typical organic pollutant of explosives in the surrounding environments of military factories, and it is widely regarded as a carcinogen which may enter the human body through wastewater and atmospheric exposure, resulting in potential health risks. Therefore, this paper studies the degradation of HMX by electrochemical oxidation. In this study, an electrochemical system was built using a copper plate as the cathode and a Ti/PbO2 electrode as the anode. The effects of various process variables, such as the initial pH value, the current density, and the distance between the electrodes, were investigated in relation to HMX degradation. Following this, performance optimization and intermediate analysis were carried out, along with an estimation of the energy consumption of HMX deterioration in various operating situations. The experimental results in this paper show that when the electrolyte concentration is 0.25 mol/L, the current density is 70 mA/cm2, the electrode sp... [more]
23. LAPSE:2023.36107
Enhanced Treatment of Basic Red 46 by Ozonation in a Rotating Packed Bed with Liquid Detention
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Environment
Keywords: Basic Red 46, degradation, liquid detention, ozonation, rotating packed bed
This study investigated the use of ozone in a rotating packed bed (RPB) with liquid detention for the treatment of Basic Red 46 (BR-46). Liquid detention means that liquid accumulates at the lower section to a certain level in the RPB, which leads to longer liquid residence time and greater liquid holdup in the packing and cavity in the RPB. The experimental results showed that the presence of liquid detention in the RPB significantly enhanced the BR-46 treatment effect and ozone absorption rate. With 200 mL of liquid detention in the RPB, the decolorization rate, COD degradation rate, and ozone absorption rate were 34.7%, 62.8%, and 80.0% higher than those without liquid detention. The effects of the rotational speed of the RPB, ozone concentration, initial BR-46 concentration, liquid and gas flow rates on BR-46 degradation were also investigated, and it was found that the high-gravity environment is beneficial to the degradation of BR-46. These results suggest that with the utilizati... [more]
24. LAPSE:2023.36106
Emissions and Absorption of CO2 in China’s Cold Regions
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Environment
Keywords: city-level inventory, CO2 emissions, cold region, ecological absorption, energy-related emissions
Energy production and consumption are dominant sources of CO2 emissions. Investigating the amount and characteristics of CO2 emission sources can aid in reducing CO2 emissions from energy-related sectors, which could lead to the development of advanced technologies and ideas for abatement. Cities play a significant role in CO2 emissions, representing a distinctive unit with a specialized energy consumption structure, meteorology, economy, agriculture, forest acreage, etc. Those properties interact and influence CO2 emissions. The city-level emission inventory is an important scientific database helping to investigate emission abatement technologies and establish control strategies. In this study, city-level CO2 emissions and ecological absorption of China’s coldest province are quantified. In the targeted region, winter lasts for about 6 months. Sectors of industry, thermal power generation, and domestic heating are dominant contributors to the total emissions. The provincial CO2 emiss... [more]
25. LAPSE:2023.36105
Nozzle Jet Deviation from Bucket Pitch Circle’s Effect on the Stability and Efficiency of Pelton Turbine
June 13, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Systems
Keywords: deviation, efficiency, jet, Pelton turbine, stability
During the operation of a Pelton turbine, the centerline of the nozzle jet may deviate from the bucket pitch circle due to the low installation and maintenance accuracy, which will reduce the operating efficiency and the stability of the turbine and even cause severe vibrations and damages. Based on the VOF (Volume of Fluid) two-phase flow model and the SST k-ω turbulence model, the flow characteristics of a Pelton turbine were simulated with the nozzle jet deviating from the bucket pitch circle. The pressure pulsation inside the bucket and the force distribution of the runner were obtained, the turbine oscillation and efficiency were measured before and after the jet deviation, and the effects of the radial and axial deviations on the stability and efficiency of the Pelton turbine were analyzed. The results show that both the radial and axial deviations of the jet cause a significant increase in the axial force and the pressure pulsation amplitude of the turbine; the radial and tangen... [more]