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Records with Keyword: Aspen Plus
Showing records 1 to 25 of 50. [First] Page: 1 2 Last
Design and Modelling of Heat-Coupled Storage System with High- and Low-Pressure Bypass: Electrothermal Characteristics and Peak Regulating Performance
Han Yang, Sun Tao, Ma Honghe
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Aspen Plus, heat-coupled storage system, high- and low-pressure bypass, peak regulation
To achieve a balance between supply and demand during cogeneration system operation, it is necessary to improve the peak regulation capacity and regulatory flexibility of the unit. Considering the excellent performance of energy storage systems, a heat-coupled storage system with high- and low-pressure bypass is proposed to increase peak regulation capacity. Employing a 300 MW heating unit as the research object, thermal system models of a traditional-pumping steam-heating system, a high- and low-pressure bypass heating system, and a coupled system were built using Aspen Plus software. The electric heating characteristics of the three systems, as well as the peak regulation capacity and peak regulation depth of the coupled system, were analysed under different storage and heat release loads. Results indicate that the high- and low-voltage bypass system and the coupled system both improve the peak capacity and control flexibility of the unit. Moreover, the coupled system has a greater i... [more]
Performance Assessment of the Heat Recovery System of a 12 MW SOFC-Based Generator on Board a Cruise Ship through a 0D Model
Luca Micoli, Roberta Russo, Tommaso Coppola, Andrea Pietra
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: 0D-model, Aspen Plus, cruise ship, heat recovery, solid oxide fuel cell
The present work considers a 12 MW Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) power plant integrated with a heat recovery system installed on board an LNG-fuelled cruise ship of about 175,000 gross tonnes and 345 m in length. The SOFC plant is fed by LNG and generates electrical power within an integrated power system configuration; additionally, it provides part of the thermal energy demand. A zero-dimensional (0D) Aspen Plus model has been built-up to simulate the SOFC power plant and to assess the performances of the proposed heat recovery system. The model has been validated by comparing the results obtained with data from the literature and commercial SOFC modules. The integrated system has been optimized in order to maximize steam production since it is the most requested thermal source on board. The main design outcome is that the steam produced is made by the recovered water from the SOFC exhaust by about 50−60%, thus reducing the onboard water storage or production. Additionally, results in... [more]
Integration of Renewable Hydrogen Production in Steelworks Off-Gases for the Synthesis of Methanol and Methane
Michael Bampaou, Kyriakos Panopoulos, Panos Seferlis, Spyridon Voutetakis, Ismael Matino, Alice Petrucciani, Antonella Zaccara, Valentina Colla, Stefano Dettori, Teresa Annunziata Branca, Vincenzo Iannino
April 20, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Aspen Plus, basic oxygen furnace gas, blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, gas cleaning, Hydrogen, methanation, methanol synthesis, steelworks sustainability
The steel industry is among the highest carbon-emitting industrial sectors. Since the steel production process is already exhaustively optimized, alternative routes are sought in order to increase carbon efficiency and reduce these emissions. During steel production, three main carbon-containing off-gases are generated: blast furnace gas, coke oven gas and basic oxygen furnace gas. In the present work, the addition of renewable hydrogen by electrolysis to those steelworks off-gases is studied for the production of methane and methanol. Different case scenarios are investigated using AspenPlusTM flowsheet simulations, which differ on the end-product, the feedstock flowrates and on the production of power. Each case study is evaluated in terms of hydrogen and electrolysis requirements, carbon conversion, hydrogen consumption, and product yields. The findings of this study showed that the electrolysis requirements surpass the energy content of the steelwork’s feedstock. However, for the m... [more]
Simulation and Economic Research of Circulating Cooling Water Waste Heat and Water Resource Recovery System
Li Yang, Yunfeng Ren, Zhihua Wang, Zhouming Hang, Yunxia Luo
April 19, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Aspen Plus, COP, economic analysis, heat pump, waste heat
Industrial circulating cooling water contains a large amount of low-quality energy, which is lost to the environment through cooling towers. It is of great significance and potential to recover the waste heat to improve energy-saving effects and economic efficiency. However, the effect of common water harvesting and energy saving devices is not significant. Heat pumps have been shown to be effective in improving low-quality heat energy in energy conversion systems, although there are not many applications of heat pump scenarios in engineering practice. Based on this, a recovery solution of circulating cooling water waste heat and water resource using lithium bromide absorption heat pump has been put forward. The energy-saving performance of the recovery system was simulated and analyzed using Aspen Plus V10.0 (Bedford, MA, USA) to explore the effects of the parameters of the working medium in evaporators, condensers, absorbers, generators, heat exchangers, etc., and the modelling resul... [more]
Technological Solutions and Tools for Circular Bioeconomy in Low-Carbon Transition: Simulation Modeling of Rice Husks Gasification for CHP by Aspen PLUS V9 and Feasibility Study by Aspen Process Economic Analyzer
Diamantis Almpantis, Anastasia Zabaniotou
April 14, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Aspen Plus, CHP, circular economy, economic assessment, gasification, low-carbon energy, rice husk, Simulation, waste-based bioenergy
This study explored the suitability of simulation tools for accurately predicting fluidized bed gasification in various scenarios without disturbing the operational system, and dedicating time to experimentation, in the aim of benefiting the decision makers and investors of the low-carbon waste-based bioenergy sector, in accelerating circular bioeconomy solutions. More specifically, this study aimed to offer a customized circular bioeconomy solution for a rice processing residue. The objectives were the simulation and economic assessment of an air atmospheric fluidized bed gasification system fueled with rice husk, for combined heat and power generation, by using the tools of Aspen Plus V9, and the Aspen Process Economic Analyzer. The simulation model was based on the Gibbs energy minimization concept. The technological configurations of the SMARt-CHP technology were used. A parametric study was conducted to understand the influence of process variables on product yield, while three di... [more]
Thermodynamic Analysis of Biomass Gasification Using Aspen Plus: Comparison of Stoichiometric and Non-Stoichiometric Models
María Pilar González-Vázquez, Fernando Rubiera, Covadonga Pevida, Daniel T. Pio, Luís A.C. Tarelho
April 12, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: air–steam gasification, Aspen Plus, Biomass, bubbling fluidised bed, sensitivity analysis
The gasification process involves several reactions that occur simultaneously and are interrelated by several independent variables. Simulation tools can help us to understand the process behaviour and predict the efficiency and final composition of the products. In this work, two thermodynamic equilibrium models developed in Aspen Plus® software were assessed: a non-stoichiometric model based on the feedstock composition and on the most probable compounds expected from the results of the gasification process using minimisation of Gibbs free energy and a stoichiometric model based on a set of chemical reactions considered as the most relevant to describe the gasification process. Both models were validated with experimental data from a bubbling fluidised bed semi-pilot scale gasifier using pine kernel shells (PKS) as feedstock. The influence of temperature, stoichiometric ratio (SR) and steam to biomass ratio (SBR) were analysed. Overall, predictions of the gas composition and gasifica... [more]
Biomass Steam Gasification, High-Temperature Gas Cleaning, and SOFC Model: A Parametric Analysis
Vera Marcantonio, Danilo Monarca, Mauro Villarini, Andrea Di Carlo, Luca Del Zotto, Enrico Bocci
April 4, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Aspen Plus, biomass gasification, H2S removal, hot gas cleaning, SOFC, tar modelling
Gasification technology is actually one of the most effective ways to produce power and hydrogen from biomass. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have proved to be an excellent energy conversion device. They can transform the chemical energy content in the syngas, produced by a gasifier, directly into electrical energy. A steady-state model of a biomass-SOFC was developed using process simulation software, ASPEN Plus (10, AspenTech, Bedford, MA, USA). The objective of this work was to implement a biomass-SOFC system capable of predicting performance under diverse operating conditions. The system is made of a gasification zone, gas cleaning steps, and SOFC. The SOFC modelling was done without external subroutines, unlike most models in the literature, using only the existing ASPEN Plus blocks, making the model simpler and more reliable. The analysis of the syngas composition out of each cleaning step is in accordance with literature data. Then, a sensitivity analysis was carried out on the... [more]
Energy and Economic Analysis of Date Palm Biomass Feedstock for Biofuel Production in UAE: Pyrolysis, Gasification and Fermentation
Remston Martis, Amani Al-Othman, Muhammad Tawalbeh, Malek Alkasrawi
April 4, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Aspen Plus, Biofuels, Biomass, energy integration, Fermentation, gasification, process simulation, pyrolysis
This work evaluates date palm waste as a cheap and available biomass feedstock in UAE for the production of biofuels. The thermochemical and biochemical routes including pyrolysis, gasification, and fermentation were investigated. Simulations were done to produce biofuels from biomass via Aspen Plus v.10. The simulation results showed that for a tonne of biomass feed, gasification produced 56 kg of hydrogen and fermentation yielded 233 kg of ethanol. Process energy requirements, however, proved to offset the bioethanol product value. For 1 tonne of biomass feed, the net duty for pyrolysis was 37 kJ, for gasification was 725 kJ, and for fermentation was 7481.5 kJ. Furthermore, for 1 tonne of date palm waste feed, pyrolysis generated a returned USD $768, gasification generated USD 166, but fermentation required an expenditure of USD 763, rendering it unfeasible. The fermentation economic analysis showed that reducing the system’s net duty to 6500 kJ/tonne biomass and converting 30% hemic... [more]
Creating Values from Biomass Pyrolysis in Sweden: Co-Production of H2, Biocarbon and Bio-Oil
Ilman Nuran Zaini, Nanta Sophonrat, Kurt Sjöblom, Weihong Yang
March 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Aspen Plus, biochar, bioenergy, hydrogen production, process simulation, Technoeconomic Analysis
Hydrogen and biocarbon are important materials for the future fossil-free metallurgical industries in Sweden; thus, it is interesting to investigate the process that can simultaneously produce both. Process simulations of biomass pyrolysis coupled with steam reforming and water-gas-shift to produce H2, biocarbon, and bio-oil are investigated in this work. The process simulation is performed based on a biomass pyrolysis plant currently operating in Sweden. Two co-production schemes are proposed: (1) production of biocarbon and H2, and (2) production of biocarbon, H2, and bio-oil. Sensitivity analysis is also performed to investigate the performance of the production schemes under different operating parameters. The results indicated that there are no notable differences in terms of the thermal efficiency for both cases. Varying the bio-oil condenser temperature only slightly changes the system’s thermal efficiency by less than 2%. On the other hand, an increase in biomass moisture conte... [more]
Property Data Estimation for Hemiformals, Methylene Glycols and Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers and Process Optimization in Formaldehyde Synthesis
Steffen Schemme, Sven Meschede, Maximilian Köller, Remzi Can Samsun, Ralf Peters, Detlef Stolten
March 27, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Aspen Plus, formalin, power-to-fuel, process design, Synthetic Fuels, thermodynamic modeling
Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OMEn) are frequently discussed as alternative diesel fuels, with various synthesis routes considered. OME3−5 syntheses demand significant amounts of thermal energy due to the complex separation processes that they entail. Therefore, innovative process designs are needed. An important tool for the development of new processes is process simulation software. To ensure sound process simulations, reliable physico-chemical models and component property data are necessary. Herein we present the implementation of a state-of-the-art thermodynamic model to describe the component systems of formaldehyde-water and formaldehyde-methanol using Microsoft® Excel (2010, Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA, USA) and Aspen Plus®, (V8.8, Aspen Tech, Bedford, MA, USA) determine the deviation between the calculated results and experimental literature data, and minimize the deviation by means of parameter fitting. To improve the accuracy of the estimation of the missing property da... [more]
Development of a Chemical Quasi-Equilibrium Model of Biomass Waste Gasification in a Fluidized-Bed Reactor by Using Aspen Plus
Vera Marcantonio, Enrico Bocci, Danilo Monarca
March 22, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Aspen Plus, biomass gasification, equilibrium model, Gibbs free energy minimization, hazelnut shells, steam gasification, Syngas, tar
In the delicate context of climate change, biomass gasification has been demonstrated to be a very useful technology to produce power and hydrogen. Nevertheless, in literature, there is a lack of a flexible and fast but accurate model of biomass gasification that can be used with all the combinations of oxidizing agents, taking into account both organic and inorganic contaminants, and able to give results that are more realistic. In order to do that, a model of biomass gasification has been developed using the chemical engineering software Aspen Plus. The developed model is based on the Gibbs free energy minimization applying the restricted quasi-equilibrium approach via Data-Fit regression from experimental data. The simulation results obtained, considering different mixes of gasifying agents, were compared and validated against experimental data reported in literature for the most advanced fluidized bed technology. The maximum discrepancy value obtained for hydrogen, with respect to... [more]
Thermodynamic Analysis of Negative CO2 Emission Power Plant Using Aspen Plus, Aspen Hysys, and Ebsilon Software
Paweł Ziółkowski, Paweł Madejski, Milad Amiri, Tomasz Kuś, Kamil Stasiak, Navaneethan Subramanian, Halina Pawlak-Kruczek, Janusz Badur, Łukasz Niedźwiecki, Dariusz Mikielewicz
March 9, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Aspen Hysys, Aspen Plus, CCS, CO2 negative power plant, Ebsilon
The article presents results of thermodynamic analysis using a zero-dimensional mathematical models of a negative CO2 emission power plant. The developed cycle of a negative CO2 emission power plant allows the production of electricity using gasified sewage sludge as a main fuel. The negative emission can be achieved by the use this type of fuel which is already a “zero-emissive” energy source. Together with carbon capture installation, there is a possibility to decrease CO2 emission below the “zero” level. Developed models of a novel gas cycle which use selected codes allow the prediction of basic parameters of thermodynamic cycles such as output power, efficiency, combustion composition, exhaust temperature, etc. The paper presents results of thermodynamic analysis of two novel cycles, called PDF0 and PFD1, by using different thermodynamic codes. A comparison of results obtained by three different codes offered the chance to verify results because the experimental data are currently... [more]
Biocrude Production from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Chlorella: Thermodynamic Modelling and Reactor Design
Lili Qian, Jun Ni, Zhiyang Xu, Bin Yu, Shuang Wang, Heng Gu, Dong Xiang
March 8, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Aspen Plus, biocrude, critical diameter, hydrothermal liquefaction
Hydrothermal liquefaction can directly and efficiently convert wet biomass into biocrude with a high heating value. We developed a continuous hydrothermal liquefaction model via Aspen Plus to explore the effects of moisture content of Chlorella, reaction pressure and temperature on thermodynamic equilibrium yields, and energy recoveries of biocrude. We also compared the simulated biocrude yield and energy recoveries with experiment values in literature. Furthermore, vertical and horizontal transportation characteristics of insoluble solids in Chlorella were analyzed to determine the critical diameters that could avoid the plugging of the reactor at different flow rates. The results showed that the optimum moisture content, reaction pressure, and reaction temperature were 70−90 wt%, 20 MPa, and 250−350 °C, respectively. At a thermodynamic equilibrium state, the yield and the energy recovery of biocrude could be higher than 56 wt% and 96%, respectively. When the capacity of the hydrother... [more]
Energy Analysis of an Integrated Plant: Fluidized Bed Steam Gasification of Hydrothermally Treated Biomass Coupled to Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Alessandro Antonio Papa, Andrea Di Carlo, Enrico Bocci, Luca Taglieri, Luca Del Zotto, Alberto Gallifuoco
March 8, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Aspen Plus, biomass gasification, energy analysis, hydrothermal carbonization, SOFC
An innovative process based on hydrothermal carbonization, gasification, and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) technologies was developed using a commercial process simulation software called ASPEN Plus. The object of this work is to study plant efficiency under various operating conditions. The hydrothermal pre-treatment (HTC) at 200 and 250 °C was modelled as a black box based on the experimental results. The gasifier was modelled as a single reactor vessel with both the fluidized bed steam gasification of solid fuel and the hot gas cleaning system. The SOFC was modelled as a simple grey box with the ASPEN Plus blocks. The effect of HTC temperature and steam/carbon (S/C) ratio on the syngas composition and yield and plant efficiency was studied. The results show that the gasification of hydrochar obtained at 200 °C with S/C ratio of 0.6 gives the best results, namely an energy output of SOFC equal to 1.81 kW/kgBiomass, and overall process efficiency of 36%.
Thermal Analysis and Kinetic Modeling of Pyrolysis and Oxidation of Hydrochars
Gabriella Gonnella, Giulia Ischia, Luca Fambri, Luca Fiori
March 2, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Aspen Plus, Biomass, hydrochar, hydrothermal carbonization, kinetics, Modelling, thermal analysis
This study examines the kinetics of pyrolysis and oxidation of hydrochars through thermal analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques were used to investigate the decomposition profiles and develop two distributed activation energy models (DAEM) of hydrochars derived from the hydrothermal carbonization of grape seeds produced at different temperatures (180, 220, and 250 °C). Data were collected at 1, 3, and 10 °C/min between 30 and 700 °C. TGA data highlighted a decomposition profile similar to that of the raw biomass for hydrochars obtained at 180 and 220 °C (with a clear distinction between oil, cellulosic, hemicellulosic, and lignin-like compounds), while presenting a more stable profile for the 250 °C hydrochar. DSC showed a certain exothermic behavior during pyrolysis of hydrochars, an aspect also investigated through thermodynamic simulations in Aspen Plus. Regarding the DAEM, according to a Gaussian model, the severity of the... [more]
Decarbonizing Vehicle Transportation with Hydrogen from Biomass Gasification: An Assessment in the Nigerian Urban Environment
Donald Ukpanyang, Julio Terrados-Cepeda
March 1, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Aspen Plus, Biomass, carbon dioxide emissions, gasification, green hydrogen, Nigeria, Simulation
Tailpipe emissions from vehicles consist of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, which contribute immensely to the rise in global temperatures. Green hydrogen produced from the gasification of biomass can reduce the amount of CO2 emissions to zero. This study aims to provide a modelling framework to optimize the production of hydrogen from biomass waste obtained from different cities, for use in the road transport sector in Nigeria. A gasification model with post-treatment shift conversion and CO2 removal by adsorption is proposed. In this study, six cities are simulated based on technical and environmental considerations, using the Aspen Plus software package. The results revealed that Kaduna has the highest hydrogen generation potential of 0.148 million metric tons per year, which could reduce CO2 emissions to 1.60 and 1.524 million metric tons by the displacement of an equivalent volume of gasoline and diesel. This amounts to cost savings of NGN 116 and 161.8 billion for gasoline and die... [more]
Operation Control and Performance Analysis of an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion System Based on the Organic Rankine Cycle
Xiaowei Yang, Yanjun Liu, Yun Chen, Li Zhang
February 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Aspen Plus, Matlab, ocean thermal energy, organic Rankine cycle
The development and utilization of marine renewable energy is an important measure for achieving energy conservation, emissions reduction and carbon neutrality. Ocean thermal energy is the most stable energy among all the types of marine renewable energy. This paper built a simulation model of an ocean thermal energy conversion system based on actual device specifications by Aspen and MATLAB and put forward a corresponding control strategy. The opening control signal of the control valve at the turbine inlet was the condenser inlet pressure in this paper, and the frequency control of the working fluid pump depended on the evaporating pressure and flow rate of the working fluid. This paper analyzed the key operating parameter changes of the system under different working conditions. According to the analysis results, the turbogenerator in this system was able to generate 50 kW power for about 8 months per year. The highest net output power of the Organic Rankine Cycle was 47.3 kW; the h... [more]
Technoeconomic Assessment of LNG-Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cells in Small Island Systems: The Patmos Island Case Study
Konstantina Peloriadi, Petros Iliadis, Panagiotis Boutikos, Konstantinos Atsonios, Panagiotis Grammelis, Aristeidis Nikolopoulos
February 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Aspen Plus, energy system analysis, island energy system, Liquified Natural Gas, MED, non-interconnected islands, SOFC
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is regarded as the cleanest among fossil fuels due to its lower environmental impact. In power plants, it emits 50−60% less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere compared to regular oil or coal-fired plants. As the demand for a lower environmental footprint is increasing, fuel cells powered by LNG are starting to appear as a promising technology, especially suitable for off-grid applications, since they can supply both electricity and heating. This article presents a techno-economic assessment for an integrated system consisting of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack and a micro gas turbine (MGT) fueled by LNG, that feeds the waste heat to a multi-effect desalination system (MED) on the Greek island of Patmos. The partial or total replacement of the diesel engines on the non-interconnected island of Patmos with SOFC systems is investigated. The optimal system implementation is analyzed through a multi-stage approach that includes dynamic computational analysis... [more]
Investigation of an Intensified Thermo-Chemical Experimental Set-Up for Hydrogen Production from Biomass: Gasification Process Integrated to a Portable Purification System—Part II
Donatella Barisano, Giuseppe Canneto, Francesco Nanna, Antonio Villone, Emanuele Fanelli, Cesare Freda, Massimiliano Grieco, Andrea Lotierzo, Giacinto Cornacchia, Giacobbe Braccio, Vera Marcantonio, Enrico Bocci, Claire Courson, Marco Rep, Tom Oudenhoven, Steffen Heidenreich, Pier Ugo Foscolo
February 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Aspen Plus, Biomass, biomass waste, fluidized-bed reactor, gas cleaning, gas conditioning, gasification, Hydrogen, Syngas
Biomass gasification is a versatile thermochemical process that can be used for direct energy applications and the production of advanced liquid and gaseous energy carriers. In the present work, the results are presented concerning the H2 production at a high purity grade from biomass feedstocks via steam/oxygen gasification. The data demonstrating such a process chain were collected at an innovative gasification prototype plant coupled to a portable purification system (PPS). The overall integration was designed for gas conditioning and purification to hydrogen. By using almond shells as the biomass feedstock, from a product gas with an average and stable composition of 40%-v H2, 21%-v CO, 35%-v CO2, 2.5%-v CH4, the PPS unit provided a hydrogen stream, with a final concentration of 99.99%-v and a gas yield of 66.4%.
Rate-Based Modeling and Assessment of an Amine-Based Acid Gas Removal Process through a Comprehensive Solvent Selection Procedure
Neha Agarwal, Le Cao Nhien, Moonyong Lee
February 27, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: acid gas removal, Aspen Plus, blended amines, chemical absorption, process simulation, rate-based approach
In this study, an industrial acid gas removal (AGR) process which uses amine-based solvents was designed and simulated. The selection of suitable absorbents is crucial for an effective AGR process. Therefore, various single and blended amine-based solvents for capturing acid gases were evaluated through a comprehensive procedure, including solvent screening and process design steps. First, various solvents were screened for their CO2 and H2S absorption efficiencies. Promising solvents were then selected for the process design step, in which all process alternatives were simulated and rigorously designed using Aspen Plus. The non-equilibrium rate-based method with an electrolyte non-random two-liquid thermodynamic model was employed for modeling the absorption column. All processes were evaluated in terms of energy requirements, costs, and carbon emissions. The results show that a blend of methyldiethanolamine and piperazine solutions are the most promising solvents for the AGR process,... [more]
An In-Depth Process Model for Fuel Production via Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Catalytic Hydrotreating
Leonard Moser, Christina Penke, Valentin Batteiger
February 23, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: advanced biofuel, Aspen Plus, HTL, hydrothermal liquefaction, process model, reaction network
One of the more promising technologies for future renewable fuel production from biomass is hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). Although enormous progress in the context of continuous experiments on demonstration plants has been made in the last years, still many research questions concerning the understanding of the HTL reaction network remain unanswered. In this study, a unique process model of an HTL process chain has been developed in Aspen Plus® for three feedstock, microalgae, sewage sludge and wheat straw. A process chain consisting of HTL, hydrotreatment (HT) and catalytic hydrothermal gasification (cHTG) build the core process steps of the model, which uses 51 model compounds representing the hydrolysis products of the different biochemical groups lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, lignin, extractives and ash for modeling the biomass. Two extensive reaction networks of 272 and 290 reactions for the HTL and HT process step, respectively, lead to the intermediate biocrude (~200 model... [more]
Investigation of an Intensified Thermo-Chemical Experimental Set-Up for Hydrogen Production from Biomass: Gasification Process Performance—Part I
Donatella Barisano, Giuseppe Canneto, Francesco Nanna, Antonio Villone, Emanuele Fanelli, Cesare Freda, Massimiliano Grieco, Giacinto Cornacchia, Giacobbe Braccio, Vera Marcantonio, Enrico Bocci, Pier Ugo Foscolo, Steffen Heidenreich
February 23, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Aspen Plus, BFB gasifier, biomass gasification, equilibrium model, Hydrogen, producer gas, steam-oxygen
Biomass gasification for energy purposes has several advantages, such as the mitigation of global warming and national energy independency. In the present work, the data from an innovative and intensified steam/oxygen biomass gasification process, integrating a gas filtration step directly inside the reactor, are presented. The produced gas at the outlet of the 1 MWth gasification pilot plant was analysed in terms of its main gaseous products (hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane) and contaminants. Experimental test sets were carried out at 0.25−0.28 Equivalence Ratio (ER), 0.4−0.5 Steam/Biomass (S/B), and 780−850 °C gasification temperature. Almond shells were selected as biomass feedstock and supplied to the reactor at approximately 120 and 150 kgdry/h. Based on the collected data, the in-vessel filtration system showed a dust removal efficiency higher than 99%-wt. A gas yield of 1.2 Nm3dry/kgdaf and a producer gas with a dry composition of 27−33%v H2, 23−29%v CO, 3... [more]
Biogas Reforming as a Precursor for Integrated Algae Biorefineries: Simulation and Techno-Economic Analysis
Philipp Kenkel, Timo Wassermann, Edwin Zondervan
February 23, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Aspen Plus, biogas reforming, FAME, HEFA, Methanol, Technoeconomic Analysis
Biogas is a significant by-product produced in algae processing and may be used for many different applications, not only as a renewable energy carrier but also as a chemical intermediate in integrated algae-based biorefineries. In this work, the reforming of biogas to H2/CO2 mixtures (referred to as SynFeed) as feed for the direct hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol is investigated. Two conventional processes, namely steam methane and autothermal reforming, with upstream CO2 separation from raw biogas are compared to novel concepts of direct biogas bi- and tri-reforming. In addition, downstream CO2 separation from SynFeed using the commercial Selexol process to produce pure H2 and CO2 is considered. The results show that upstream CO2 separation with subsequent steam methane reforming is the most economic process, costing 142.48 €/tSynFeed, and taking into consideration the revenue from excess hydrogen. Bi-reforming is the most expensive process, with a cost of 413.44 €/tSynFeed, due to t... [more]
Model-Based Evaluation of Hydrothermal Treatment for the Energy Efficient Dewatering and Drying of Sewage Sludge
Philipp Knötig, Hendrik Etzold, Benjamin Wirth
February 23, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Aspen Plus, Box–Behnken design, dewatering, DoE, energetic optimization, hydrothermal treatment, phosphorus, process development, sewage sludge
This research paper evaluates hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) as a possible treatment for sewage sludge, including phosphorus recycling. German governmental requirements force a high number of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) to recover phosphorus from sewage sludge above limits of 20 g kgTS−1 before further disposal (e.g., co-incineration). The results show that pH reduction has a positive effect on shifting phosphorus to the liquid phase during HTC. Although the experimental results of this research do not yet achieve the necessary phosphorus reduction, various calculations are made to achieve this goal in future experimental studies. In order to be able to assess the energy benefits of HTC, Aspen Plus modeling was used to show the positive impact of implementing this technology in a WWTP. It is shown that the mechanical dewaterability of sewage sludge (SS) increases after HTC enabling energy savings by means of subsequent thermal drying. A heat optimized HTC is able to cut energy... [more]
Preliminary Experimental Results and Modelling Study of Olive Kernel Gasification in a 2 MWth BFB Gasifier
Athanasios Lampropoulos, Idoya Goñi Zubillaga, Raúl Pérez-Vega, Nikolaos Ntavos, Yannis Fallas, Georgios Varvoutis
February 23, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Aspen Plus, biomass gasification, bubbling fluidized bed, olive kernel, syngas to district heating
Gasification is a promising and attractive thermochemical method for biomass-to-energy conversion, with fluidized bed reactors being one of the best options for large-scale operations. Olive residues in particular are potentially excellent candidate biomass fuels in the Mediterranean area, due to the region’s increased capacity in olive oil production. Herein, the gasification experiments of olive kernels in a 2 MWth air-blown, bubbling fluidized bed reactor located at CENER’s facilities (BIO2C) in Navarra, Spain are presented. Even though technical issues were demonstrated due to the operation of the plant with a high-density biomass fuel and given the scale of the process, a quasi-steady-state and isothermal 12 h operation at an equivalence ratio of 0.25 ± 0.03 was attained. Given the satisfactory experimental results, an Aspen Plus simulation model of the process was also attempted. Notably, the proposed methodology agrees well with the experimental results and can be regarded as a... [more]
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