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Records with Keyword: Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Showing records 51 to 75 of 1040. [First] Page: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Last
Machine Learning Applications in Biofuels’ Life Cycle: Soil, Feedstock, Production, Consumption, and Emissions
Iftikhar Ahmad, Adil Sana, Manabu Kano, Izzat Iqbal Cheema, Brenno C. Menezes, Junaid Shahzad, Zahid Ullah, Muzammil Khan, Asad Habib
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Machine Learning (ML) is one of the major driving forces behind the fourth industrial revolution. This study reviews the ML applications in the life cycle stages of biofuels, i.e., soil, feedstock, production, consumption, and emissions. ML applications in the soil stage were mostly used for satellite images of land to estimate the yield of biofuels or a suitability analysis of agricultural land. The existing literature have reported on the assessment of rheological properties of the feedstocks and their effect on the quality of biofuels. The ML applications in the production stage include estimation and optimization of quality, quantity, and process conditions. The fuel consumption and emissions stage include analysis of engine performance and estimation of emissions temperature and composition. This study identifies the following trends: the most dominant ML method, the stage of life cycle getting the most usage of ML, the type of data used for the development of the ML-based models,... [more]
Assessment of the Progress towards the Management of Renewable Energy Consumption in the Innovativeness Context—A Country Approach
Monika Sipa, Iwona Gorzeń-Mitka
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: consumption management, innovativeness, multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM), Renewable and Sustainable Energy
The fact that European Union (EU) countries have adopted an ambitious plan to achieve zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 requires decisive action within the scope of innovation and of the level of energy consumption, especially of the energy from renewable sources. Being directed toward innovation within the scope of renewable energy technology, as well as the proper management of renewable energy consumption, are the main actions aimed at increasing the efficiency of using clean energy, and which also bring the EU closer to the implementation of the assumptions adopted in the European Green Deal. The aim of our study was to assess the progress toward the management of renewable energy consumption in the innovativeness context and the relationship between energy consumption and selected indicators of innovativeness in European Union countries. We present an original ranking assessment of the progress toward the management of renewable energy consumption and identify relationships be... [more]
Solid Fraction of Digestate from Biogas Plant as a Material for Pellets Production
Wojciech Czekała
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Materials
Keywords: Biofuels, Biomass, circular economy, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, solid biofuels, waste to energy
One of the anaerobic digestion process products in an agricultural biogas plant is digestate (digested pulp). Large quantities of digestate generated in the process of biogas production all over the world require proper management. Fertilization is the main management of this substrate, so it is essential to look for new alternatives. The work aims to determine and discuss the possibilities of using digestate solid fraction (DSF) for pellets as biofuel production. Pellets from DSF alone and pellets with sawdust, grain straw additives were analyzed. The lower heating value (LHV) based on the dry matter for all analyzed pellets ranged from 19,164 kJ∙kg−1 to 19,879 kJ∙kg−1. The ash content was similar for all four samples and ranged from 3.62% to 5.23%. This value is relatively high, which is related to the degree of fermentation in the anaerobic digestion process. The results showed that the DSF substrate after the anaerobic digestion process still has energy potential. Analyzing those r... [more]
The Effect of a Flexible Blade for Load Alleviation in Wind Turbines
Azael Duran Castillo, Juan C. Jauregui-Correa, Francisco Herbert, Krystel K. Castillo-Villar, Jesus Alejandro Franco, Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo, Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno, Alfredo Alcayde
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: deformable profile, efficiency, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, wind energy, wind turbine
This article presents the analysis of the performance of a flexible wind turbine blade. The simulation analysis is based on a 3 m span blade prototype. The blade has a flexible surface and a cam mechanism that modifies the aerodynamic profile and adapts the surface to different configurations. The blade surface was built with a flexible fiberglass composite, and the internal mechanism consists of a flexible structure actuated with an eccentric cam. The cam mechanism deforms five sections of the blade, and the airfoil geometry for each section was measured from zero cam displacement to full cam displacement. The measured data were interpolated to obtain the aerodynamic profiles of the five sections to model the flexible blade in the simulation process. The simulation analysis consisted of determining the different aerodynamic coefficients for different deformed surfaces and a range of wind speeds. The aerodynamic coefficients were calculated with the BEM method (QBlade®); as a result, t... [more]
Research Characteristics and Development Trend of Global Low-Carbon Power—Based on Bibliometric Analysis of 1983−2021
Xin-Cheng Meng, Yeon-Ho Seong, Min-Kyu Lee
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: bibliometric analysis, electrical energy storage, low-carbon power, Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Achieving Net zero emissions is a common challenge facing all mankind. Low-carbon electricity has always been the main research field of global GHG emission control. The current article aims to use the bibliometric analysis to describe the characteristics and trends of low-carbon electricity publications from 1983 to 2021. We found that: (1) the number of publications in this area has shown an overall increase in the past 33 years. (2) the United States is the most powerful country in this field of research. Moreover, with the exception of major developed countries, more and more emerging economies have also joined the research on low-carbon power systems. (3) co-citation analysis and literature clustering characteristics show that the knowledge base in this field is focused on the decomposition of driving factors for carbon dioxide emissions and the optimization of the operation of renewable energy (RE) in low-carbon power systems. (4) the utilization of RE is a hot topic in low-carbo... [more]
Development and Application of a Big Data Analysis-Based Procedure to Identify Concerns about Renewable Energy
So-Yun Jeong, Jae-Wook Kim, Han-Young Joo, Young-Seo Kim, Joo-Hyun Moon
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Big Data, carbon neutrality, frequency analysis, public concerns, Renewable and Sustainable Energy
To achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, Korea has been expanding its investment in renewal energy distribution and technology development. However, with this rapid expansion of renewable energy, public concern about it has grown. This study developed and used a big data analysis-based procedure to analyze the questions registered on Naver, the largest portal site in Korea, from 2008 to 2020 to identify public concern over renewable energy. The big data analysis-based procedure consisted of two steps. The first was a frequency analysis to identify the most frequently registered words. The second was to classify questions using term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) weight and cosine similarity based on word2vec. The analysis revealed the most frequently registered words related to renewable energy, such as “solar power,” “power generation,” “energy,” and “wind power.” It also revealed the most frequently registered questions, such as those related to solar panel installation,... [more]
Framework for Developing a Low-Carbon Energy Demand in Residential Buildings Using Community-Government Partnership: An Application in Saudi Arabia
Mohammad AlHashmi, Gyan Chhipi-Shrestha, Kh Md. Nahiduzzaman, Kasun Hewage, Rehan Sadiq
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Environment
Keywords: building energy, building intervention, clean energy, community-government partnership, energy and environmental performance management, Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Rapid population growth has led to significant demand for residential buildings around the world. Consequently, there is a growing energy demand associated with increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The residential building energy demand in arid countries such as Saudi Arabia is supplied with fossil fuel. The existing consumption pattern of fossil fuels in Saudi Arabia is less sustainable due to the depletion of fossil fuel resources and resulting environmental impacts. Buildings built in hot and arid climatic conditions demand high energy for creating habitable indoor environments. Enormous energy is required to maintain a cool temperature in hot regions. Moreover, climate change may have different impacts on hot climatic regions and affect building energy use differently. This means that different building interventions may be required to improve the performance of building energy performance in these geographical regions, thereby reducing the emissions of GHGs. In this study, th... [more]
A Review on Techno-Economic Assessment of Solar Water Heating Systems in the Middle East
Mehran Dehghan, Carlos F. Pfeiffer, Elyas Rakhshani, Reza Bakhshi-Jafarabadi
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: domestic hot water, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, solar thermal system, solar water heating system, space heating
Currently, the economy of Middle Eastern countries relies heavily on fossil fuel sources. The direct and indirect adverse consequences of fossil fuel utilization for power generation enforce the region’s countries to raise the share of renewable energy. In this context, various incentive policies have been developed to encourage the residential and industrial sectors to support a portion of energy needs through renewable energy resources. In this case, a solar water heating system (SWHS) as an application of solar thermal technology provides some of the heat energy requirements for domestic hot water (DHW) and space heating, supported conventionally by electricity or natural gas, or even other fossil fuels. This paper reviews the feasibility of the SWHS in the Middle East region from technical and economical standpoints and investigates some of the progress, challenges, and barriers toward this market. The pay-back times and CO2 emission reduction under different incentive frameworks a... [more]
Local Balancing of the Electricity Grid in a Renewable Municipality; Analyzing the Effectiveness and Cost of Decentralized Load Balancing Looking at Multiple Combinations of Technologies
Frank Pierie, Christian E. J. van Someren, Sandór N. M. Kruse, Gideon A. H. Laugs, René M. J. Benders, Henri C. Moll
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: biogas, curtailment, decentralized load balancing, demand side management, energy grid capacity and reinforcements, Energy Storage, load shifting, Renewable and Sustainable Energy
With the integration of Intermitted Renewables Energy (I-RE) electricity production, capacity is shifting from central to decentral. So, the question is if it is also necessary to adjust the current load balancing system from a central to more decentral system. Therefore, an assessment is made on the overall effectiveness and costs of decentralized load balancing, using Flexible Renewable Energy (F-RE) in the shape of biogas, Demand Side Management (DSM), Power Curtailment (PC), and electricity Storage (ST) compared to increased grid capacity (GC). As a case, an average municipality in The Netherlands is supplied by 100% I-RE (wind and solar energy), which is dynamically modeled in the PowerPlan model using multiple scenarios including several combinations of balancing technologies. Results are expressed in yearly production mix, self-consumption, grid strain, Net Load Demand Signal, and added cost. Results indicate that in an optimized scenario, self-consumption of the municipality re... [more]
The Impact of Renewable Energy and Economic Complexity on Carbon Emissions in BRICS Countries under the EKC Scheme
Nuno Carlos Leitão, Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, José María Cantos-Cantos
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: economic complexity, innovation and climate change, panel data, Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Economic complexity makes it possible to assess the development of the countries, the relations of innovation, and the differentiation of products. The article considers the links between the hypotheses of the Kuznets environmental curve and economic complexity using panel data for the group of BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) from 1990 to 2015. As an econometric strategy, this study considered the panel fully modified least squares (FMOLS), panel dynamic least squares (DOLS), fixed effects (FE), and Panel Quantile Regression. The empirical results showed that economic complexity, income per capita, renewable energy, and carbon dioxide emissions are integrated with the first difference when applying the unit root test. The arguments of Pedroni and Kao cointegration tests were also used. According to these results, the variables used in this research are cointegrated in the long run. The results validated the arguments of the EKC hypothesis, i.e., the inc... [more]
Catalytic Hydrogen Combustion for Domestic and Safety Applications: A Critical Review of Catalyst Materials and Technologies
Alina E. Kozhukhova, Stephanus P. du Preez, Dmitri G. Bessarabov
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Materials
Keywords: catalysts, catalytic burner, catalytic hydrogen combustion, Hydrogen, passive autocatalytic recombiner (PAR), Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Spatial heating and cooking account for a significant fraction of global domestic energy consumption. It is therefore likely that hydrogen combustion will form part of a hydrogen-based energy economy. Catalytic hydrogen combustion (CHC) is considered a promising technology for this purpose. CHC is an exothermic reaction, with water as the only by-product. Compared to direct flame-based hydrogen combustion, CHC is relatively safe as it foregoes COx, CH4, and under certain conditions NOx formation. More so, the risk of blow-off (flame extinguished due to the high fuel flow speed required for H2 combustion) is adverted. CHC is, however, perplexed by the occurrence of hotspots, which are defined as areas where the localized surface temperature is higher than the average surface temperature over the catalyst surface. Hotspots may result in hydrogen’s autoignition and accelerated catalyst degradation. In this review, catalyst materials along with the hydrogen technologies investigated for CH... [more]
PV Energy Communities—Challenges and Barriers from a Consumer Perspective: A Literature Review
Roberts Lazdins, Anna Mutule, Diana Zalostiba
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: consumer, literature review local energy communities, photovoltaic communities, PV, Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Renewable energy sources, in particular those based on solar radiation, are growing rapidly and are planned to play an instrumental role in building power systems to reach the 2030 and 2050 energy and climate mitigation objectives. However, new actors have been introduced into the energy field, highlighting the importance of the role of citizens and communities in building such energy systems. To outline the significance of citizens in the development of solar energy communities and to describe the benefits of and barriers to their implementation so far, a comprehensive literature review has been carried out based on 64 thoroughly selected, reliable scientific publications (published within 2015−2021), revealing the latest trends, technologies and research in this field. The research focuses on four consumer interest areas: policy, economic, technical and social, covering the following subsections: policy, trading model, economic assessment, business model, energy management, demand re... [more]
A Study on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Using Ricinus Communis (Castor Oil) Ethyl Esters
Munimathan Arunkumar, Vinayagam Mohanavel, Asif Afzal, Thanikodi Sathish, Manickam Ravichandran, Sher Afghan Khan, Nur Azam Abdullah, Muhammad Hanafi Bin Azami, Mohammad Asif
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: biodiesel, emission, performance, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Ricinus Communis
Countries globally are focusing on alternative fuels to reduce the environmental pollution. An example is biodiesel fuel, which is leading the way to other technologies. In this research, the methyl esters of castor oil were prepared using a two-step transesterification process. The respective properties of the castor oil (Ricinus Communis) biodiesel were estimated using ASTM standards. The effect of performance and emission on diesel engines was noted for four various engine loads (25, 50, 75, and 100%), with two different blends (B5 and B20) and at two different engine speeds (1500 and 2000 rpm). The study determined that B5 and B20 samples at 1500 rpm engine speed obtained the same power, but diesel fuel generated greater control. The power increased at 2000 rpm for B5 samples, but B20 samples, as well as diesel, were almost the same values. In the 40−80% range, load and load values were entirely parallel for each load observed from the engine performance of the brake power in all s... [more]
Solving a Multiple User Energy Source Selection Problem Using a Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Group Decision-Making Approach
Mohamed Ali Elleuch, Marwa Mallek, Ahmed Frikha, Wafik Hachicha, Awad M. Aljuaid, Murad Andejany
April 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: different users, fuzzy TOPSIS, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, sensitivity analysis, several energy sources, Tunisia
In recent years, the evaluation of several energy sources is an extremely significant issue that affects socio-environmental development and techno-economic growth in different sectors. To tackle this concern, many researchers have concentrated on preferring desirable energy sources and adopting multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) approaches for only a single type of user (e.g., agricultural, industrial, tourism, or domestic users). However, every energy user plays an important role in shaping energy policy. In fact, for sustainable energy, it is important to include all main energy users at the same time in energy decision-making. The main objective of this work was to propose a fuzzy MCGDM approach to evaluate and prioritize energy sources in Tunisia from various sectors’ point of views. Many criteria are combined, including the following: technical, economic, social, political and environmental. After applying the fuzzy Delphi method, the proposed approach consists of apply... [more]
Success Factors for the Implementation of Community Renewable Energy in Thailand
Nilubon Luangchosiri, Takaya Ogawa, Hideyuki Okumura, Keiichi N. Ishihara
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: community renewable energy, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, small-scale, success factor
Community renewable energy (CRE) has recently been proposed as one of the effective policy tools to make a community sustainable and to strengthen this association. CRE is, however, not widespread yet in Thailand, and evidence-based research on CRE in the country is rather scarce. This paper aims to investigate the characteristics of CRE in Thailand to identify the key factors affecting its implementation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and document analysis for 26 active CRE projects in Thailand. Results show that the characteristics of CRE in Thailand are rooted in the geographical location of a community. A legal structure was created from a pre-existing group to implement a CRE project. The primary motivation for implementing CRE is sustainable development of a community. We examined essential factors separated into two groups—internal and external factors—in reference to CRE in developed nations. We highlight several issues concerning the further developmen... [more]
Threshold Effect of Economic Growth on Energy Intensity—Evidence from 21 Developed Countries
Jinjin Zhou, Zenglin Ma, Taoyuan Wei, Chang Li
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: economic growth, energy intensity, industrial structure, R&D investment, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, threshold regression, urbanization
Based on threshold regression models, this paper analyzes the effect of economic growth on energy intensity by using panel data from 21 developed countries from 1996 to 2015. Results show that a 1% increase in GDP per capita can lead to a 0.62−0.78% reduction in energy intensity, implying economic growth can significantly reduce energy intensity. The extent of the reduction in energy intensity varies depending on the economic development stages represented by key influencing factors including energy mix in consumption, urbanization, industrial structure, and technological progress. Specifically, the reduction in energy intensity due to economic growth can be enhanced with relatively more renewable energy consumption and more urban population until a threshold point, where the enhancement disappears. On the other hand, the extent of the energy intensity reduction due to economic growth can be weakened with relatively more tertiary industry activities and more research and development (R... [more]
Mathematical Modelling of a System for Solar PV Efficiency Improvement Using Compressed Air for Panel Cleaning and Cooling
Marcus King, Dacheng Li, Mark Dooner, Saikat Ghosh, Jatindra Nath Roy, Chandan Chakraborty, Jihong Wang
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: compressed air, mathematical modelling, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, solar photovoltaics
The efficiency of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is greatly reduced by panel soiling and high temperatures. A mechanism for eliminating both of these sources of inefficiencies is presented by integrating solar PV generation with a compressed air system. High-pressure air can be stored and used to blow over the surface of PV panels, removing present dust and cooling the panels, increasing output power. A full-system mathematical model of the proposed system is presented, comprised of compressed air generation and storage, panel temperature, panel cleaning, and PV power generation. Simulation results indicate the benefit of employing compressed air for cleaning and cooling solar PV panels. For a fixed volume of compressed air, it is advantageous to blow air over the panels early in the day if the panel is soiled or when solar radiation is most abundant with the highest achievable flow rate if the panel is clean. These strategies have been shown to achieve the greatest energy captures for... [more]
Ethanol/Gasoline Blends as Alternative Fuel in Last Generation Spark-Ignition Engines: A Review on CO and HC Engine Out Emissions
Paolo Iodice, Massimo Cardone
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: carbon monoxide, ethanol/gasoline blends, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, SI engines, unburned hydrocarbons
Among the alternative fuels existing for spark-ignition engines, ethanol is considered worldwide as an important renewable fuel when mixed with pure gasoline because of its favorable physicochemical properties. An in-depth and updated investigation on the issue of CO and HC engine out emissions related to use of ethanol/gasoline fuels in spark-ignition engines is therefore necessary. Starting from our experimental studies on engine out emissions of a last generation spark-ignition engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels, the aim of this new investigation is to offer a complete literature review on the present state of ethanol combustion in last generation spark-ignition engines under real working conditions to clarify the possible change in CO and HC emissions. In the first section of this paper, a comparison between physicochemical properties of ethanol and gasoline is examined to assess the practicability of using ethanol as an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines and to inv... [more]
An Empirical Study of How Household Energy Consumption Is Affected by Co-Owning Different Technological Means to Produce Renewable Energy and the Production Purpose
Lucas Roth, Jens Lowitzsch, Özgür Yildiz
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: consumer ownership, demand flexibility, demand side management, propensity score matching, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, solar energy
The transition from fossil fuel-based to renewable energy sources is one of the main economic and social challenges of the early 21st century. Due to the volatile character of wind and solar power production, matching supply and demand is essential for this transition to be successful. In this context, the willingness of private consumers to use energy flexibly has gained growing attention. Research indicates that a viable driver to motivate consumers to be demand flexible is to make them (co-)owners of renewable energy production facilities. However, existing research has only analyzed this question from an aggregated perspective. This article analyses whether behavioral changes triggered by (co-)ownership in renewables differ according to the type of installation; be it solar, wind, or bioenergy. In addition, the prosumption options self-consumption/self-consumption and sale/sale are considered. To do so, we collected 2074 completed questionnaires on energy consumption that entered a... [more]
Dynamical Operation Based Robust Nonlinear Control of DC Microgrid Considering Renewable Energy Integration
Ammar Armghan, Muhammad Kashif Azeem, Hammad Armghan, Ming Yang, Fayadh Alenezi, Mudasser Hassan
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: DC Microgrid, DC–DC converters, double integral SMC, hybrid energy storage system, Renewable and Sustainable Energy
The importance of microgrids has been acknowledged with the increasing amount of research in direct current (DC) microgrids. The main reason for this is the straightforward structure and efficient performance. In this research article, double integral sliding mode controllers (DISMCs) have been proposed for energy harvesting and DC microgrid management involving renewable sources and a hybrid energy storage system (HESS). DISMC offers a better dynamic response and reduced amount of chattering than the traditional sliding mode controllers. In the first stage, the state differential model for the grid was derived. Then, the nonlinear control laws were proposed for the PV system and hybrid energy storage system to achieve the main objective of voltage regulation at the DC link. In the later part, the system’s asymptotic stability was proven using Lyapunov stability criteria. Finally, an energy management algorithm was provided to ensure the DC microgrid’s smooth operation within the safe... [more]
The Long-Term Impact of Wind Power Generation on a Local Community: Economics Analysis of Subjective Well-Being Data in Chōshi City
Yushi Kunugi, Toshi H. Arimura, Miwa Nakai
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: externalities, life satisfaction approach, local residents, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, subjective well-being, wind turbines
In this study, we analyzed the external effects of wind turbines, which are often considered detrimental to the promotion of wind power generation. Understanding these externalities is essential to reaching a consensus with residents who live near the site of a planned wind turbine. Our research objective was to determine the relationship between wind turbines and people’s well-being in areas where they have been installed for a long time. We hypothesized that wind turbines would have a negative impact on people’s well-being. We conducted a survey by postal mail in Chōshi City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, to examine the external effects of wind turbines, adopting a subjective well-being index to measure respondents’ well-being. Regression analysis suggests that having a view of wind power turbines has a positive effect on the subjective well-being of local residents. Moreover, the results indicate that such well-being increases with increasing distance from the turbines. Except for scenic... [more]
An Overview of Biodiesel Production via Calcium Oxide Based Catalysts: Current State and Perspective
Hoora Mazaheri, Hwai Chyuan Ong, Zeynab Amini, Haji Hassan Masjuki, M. Mofijur, Chia Hung Su, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, T.M. Yunus Khan
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: alkaline metal oxides, alternative fuel, biodiesel production, heterogeneous catalyst, Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Biodiesel is a clean, renewable, liquid fuel that can be used in existing diesel engines without modification as pure or blend. Transesterification (the primary process for biodiesel generation) via heterogeneous catalysis using low-cost waste feedstocks for catalyst synthesis improves the economics of biodiesel production. Heterogeneous catalysts are preferred for the industrial generation of biodiesel due to their robustness and low costs due to the easy separation and relatively higher reusability. Calcium oxides found in abundance in nature, e.g., in seashells and eggshells, are promising candidates for the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts. However, process improvements are required to design productive calcium oxide-based catalysts at an industrial scale. The current work presents an overview of the biodiesel production advancements using calcium oxide-based catalysts (e.g., pure, supported, and mixed with metal oxides). The review discusses different factors involved in the s... [more]
Energy Transitions in Western European Countries: Regulation Comparative Analysis
Federica Cucchiella, Alessia Condemi, Marianna Rotilio, Valeria Annibaldi
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Energy Policy
Keywords: climate policy, policy implication, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Western Europe
Shifting from fossil to renewable energy sources is a major global challenge, and in this context, the European Union has promoted sustainable and environmentally friendly growth as early as the Maastricht Treaty of 1992. To date, European institutions have promulgated a series of environmental regulations and directives aimed at promoting and imposing adoption by member states of internal regulations. This paper is focused on Western Europe, and it explores, for each state under analysis, energy policies adopted, the results achieved and recommendations for the future growth of renewable energy. The results show that in countries where energy policy is not fragmented, the yield in renewable energies has been higher, and also in the states where more and various forms of subsidies are foreseen, growth seems to be greater. Finally, the paper provides useful recommendations and future policy implications for states that have not met the 2020 targets.
Design, Development, and Characterization of Low Distortion Advanced Semitransparent Photovoltaic Glass for Buildings Applications
Mohammad Khairul Basher, Mohammad Nur-E Alam, Kamal Alameh
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Environment
Keywords: BIPV, environmental safety, NZEB, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, semitransparent PV
Aesthetic appearance of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) products, such as semitransparent PV (STPV) glass, is crucial for their widespread adoption and contribution to the net-zero energy building (NZEB) goal. However, the visual distortion significantly limits the aesthetics of STPV glass. In this study, we investigate the distortion effect of transparent periodic-micropattern-based thin-film PV (PMPV) panels available in the market. To minimize the visual distortion of such PMPV glass panel types, we design and develop an aperiodic micropattern-based PV (APMP) glass that significantly reduces visual distortion. The developed APMP glass demonstrates a haze ratio of 3.7% compared to the 10.7% of PMPV glass. Furthermore, the developed AMPV glass shows an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 58.3% which is around 1.3 times higher than that of AMPV glass (43.8%). Finally, the measured CIELAB values (L* = 43.2, a* = −1.55, b* = −2.86.) indicate that our developed AMPV glass posse... [more]
Design, Development, and Characterization of Low Distortion Advanced Semitransparent Photovoltaic Glass for Buildings Applications
Mohammad Khairul Basher, Mohammad Nur-E Alam, Kamal Alameh
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Environment
Keywords: BIPV, environmental safety, NZEB, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, semitransparent PV
Aesthetic appearance of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) products, such as semitransparent PV (STPV) glass, is crucial for their widespread adoption and contribution to the net-zero energy building (NZEB) goal. However, the visual distortion significantly limits the aesthetics of STPV glass. In this study, we investigate the distortion effect of transparent periodic-micropattern-based thin-film PV (PMPV) panels available in the market. To minimize the visual distortion of such PMPV glass panel types, we design and develop an aperiodic micropattern-based PV (APMP) glass that significantly reduces visual distortion. The developed APMP glass demonstrates a haze ratio of 3.7% compared to the 10.7% of PMPV glass. Furthermore, the developed AMPV glass shows an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 58.3% which is around 1.3 times higher than that of AMPV glass (43.8%). Finally, the measured CIELAB values (L* = 43.2, a* = −1.55, b* = −2.86.) indicate that our developed AMPV glass posse... [more]
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