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Records with Keyword: Compressed Air Energy Storage
Power and Energy Management Strategies for a Microgrid with the Presence of Electric Vehicles and CAES Considering the Uncertainty of Resources
Reza Doosti, Alireza Rezazadeh, Mostafa Sedighizadeh
April 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Compressed Air Energy Storage, energy management, microgrid, uncertainty of resources, V2G
We are witnessing the growth of microgrid technology and the development of electric vehicles (EVs) in the world. These microgrids seek demand response (DR) and energy storage for better management of their resources. In this research, microgrids, including wind turbines, photovoltaics, battery charging/discharging, and compressed air energy storage (CAES), are considered. We will consider two scenarios under uncertainty: (a) planning a microgrid and DR without considering CAES, and (b) planning a microgrid and DR considering CAES. The cost of charging the battery in the second study decreased by $0.66 compared to the first study. The battery is charged with a difference of $0.7 compared to the case of the first study. We will also pay for unsupplied energy and excess energy in this microgrid. Then, we test the scheduling of vehicles to the grid (V2G) in the IEEE 33-bus network. The first framework for increasing network flexibility is the use of EVs as active loads. The scheduling of... [more]
Application of Modern Non-Linear Control Techniques for the Integration of Compressed Air Energy Storage with Medium and Low Voltage Grid
Sanjib Kumar Mitra, Srinivas Bhaskar Karanki, Marcus King, Decai Li, Mark Dooner, Oleh Kiselychnyk, Jihong Wang
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Other
Keywords: Compressed Air Energy Storage, DC-DC converter, model reference adaptive control, non-linear control, sliding mode control, voltage source inverter
Compressed air energy storage is a well-used technology for application in high voltage power systems, but researchers are also investing efforts to minimize the cost of this technology in medium and low voltage power systems. Integration of this energy storage requires a robust control of the power electronic converter to control the power injection due to the dynamic behavior of the system. The conventional linear control design requires a thorough knowledge of the system parameters, but the uncertain disturbances caused by the mechanical properties of the energy storage is neglected in the design and the system fails in presence of such instances. In this paper an adaptive control-based boost converter and sliding mode control-based three phase inverter for a grid integrated compressed air energy storage system of up to 1 kW has been presented that can mitigate any uncertain disturbances in the system without prior knowledge of the system parameters. The experimental results along w... [more]
Effect of Integrating Metal Wire Mesh with Spray Injection for Liquid Piston Gas Compression
Barah Ahn, Vikram C. Patil, Paul I. Ro
April 21, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Compressed Air Energy Storage, heat transfer enhancement, isothermal gas compression, liquid piston, spray cooling
Heat transfer enhancement techniques used in liquid piston gas compression can contribute to improving the efficiency of compressed air energy storage systems by achieving a near-isothermal compression process. This work examines the effectiveness of a simultaneous use of two proven heat transfer enhancement techniques, metal wire mesh inserts and spray injection methods, in liquid piston gas compression. By varying the dimension of the inserts and the pressure of the spray, a comparative study was performed to explore the plausibility of additional improvement. The addition of an insert can help abating the temperature rise when the insert does not take much space or when the spray flowrate is low. At higher pressure, however, the addition of spacious inserts can lead to less efficient temperature abatement. This is because inserts can distract the free-fall of droplets and hinder their speed. In order to analytically account for the compromised cooling effects of droplets, Reynolds n... [more]
Isothermal Deep Ocean Compressed Air Energy Storage: An Affordable Solution for Seasonal Energy Storage
Julian David Hunt, Behnam Zakeri, Andreas Nascimento, Diego Augusto de Jesus Pacheco, Epari Ritesh Patro, Bojan Đurin, Márcio Giannini Pereira, Walter Leal Filho, Yoshihide Wada
April 17, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Compressed Air Energy Storage, Energy Storage, ocean storage, offshore wind, renewable energies, seasonal energy storage
There is a significant energy transition in progress globally. This is mainly driven by the insertion of variable sources of energy, such as wind and solar power. To guarantee that the supply of energy meets its demand, energy storage technologies will play an important role in integrating these intermittent energy sources. Daily energy storage can be provided by batteries. However, there is still no technology that can provide weekly, monthly and seasonal energy storage services where pumped hydro storage is not a viable solution. Herein, we introduce an innovative energy storage proposal based on isothermal air compression/decompression and storage of the compressed air in the deep sea. Isothermal deep ocean compressed air energy storage (IDO-CAES) is estimated to cost from 1500 to 3000 USD/kW for installed capacity and 1 to 10 USD/kWh for energy storage. IDO-CAES should complement batteries, providing weekly, monthly and seasonal energy storage cycles in future sustainable energy gr... [more]
Profit-Based Unit Commitment for a GENCO Equipped with Compressed Air Energy Storage and Concentrating Solar Power Units
Mostafa Nasouri Gilvaei, Mahmood Hosseini Imani, Mojtaba Jabbari Ghadi, Li Li, Anahita Golrang
April 13, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Compressed Air Energy Storage, concentrating solar power plant, electricity markets, generation companies, profit-based unit commitment
With the advent of restructuring in the power industry, the conventional unit commitment problem in power systems, involving the minimization of operation costs in a traditional vertically integrated system structure, has been transformed to the profit-based unit commitment (PBUC) approach, whereby generation companies (GENCOs) perform scheduling of the available production units with the aim of profit maximization. Generally, a GENCO solves the PBUC problem for participation in the day-ahead market (DAM) through determining the commitment and scheduling of fossil-fuel-based units to maximize their own profit according to a set of forecasted price and load data. This study presents a methodology to achieve optimal offering curves for a price-taker GENCO owning compressed air energy storage (CAES) and concentrating solar power (CSP) units, in addition to conventional thermal power plants. Various technical and physical constraints regarding the generation units are considered in the pro... [more]
An Evaluation of Energy Storage Cost and Performance Characteristics
Kendall Mongird, Vilayanur Viswanathan, Patrick Balducci, Jan Alam, Vanshika Fotedar, Vladimir Koritarov, Boualem Hadjerioua
March 27, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Batteries, combustion turbines, Compressed Air Energy Storage, energy economics, Energy Storage, Flywheels, lithium-ion, pumped storage hydro, ultracapacitors
The energy storage industry has expanded globally as costs continue to fall and opportunities in consumer, transportation, and grid applications are defined. As the rapid evolution of the industry continues, it has become increasingly important to understand how varying technologies compare in terms of cost and performance. This paper defines and evaluates cost and performance parameters of six battery energy storage technologies (BESS)—lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, redox flow batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, sodium-metal halide batteries, and zinc-hybrid cathode batteries—four non-BESS storage systems—pumped storage hydropower, flywheels, compressed air energy storage, and ultracapacitors—and combustion turbines. Cost and performance information was compiled based on an extensive literature review, conversations with vendors and stakeholders, and costs of systems procured at sites across the United States. Detailed cost and performance estimates are presented for 2018... [more]
Sensitivity Analysis of the Complex Dynamics of an Expansion Process in Low-Pressure Compressed Air for an Electrical Energy Storage System
Jacek Leszczyński, Jan Markowski, Dominik Gryboś, Yoshihide Suwa
March 17, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Compressed Air Energy Storage, compressed air system, mechanical storage system, piston expander
This study presents the research and development possibilities of an expander for compressed air energy storage systems (CAES). The computer simulations made by the authors aim to find the optimal working parameters of the piston engine. The criteria for evaluating engine operation and the objects of analysis are the compressed air engine system’s efficiency and the electrical power output. Sensitivity analysis was performed on well-suited system parameters and geometrical sizes of the energy utilisation element. Appropriate selection achieves not only higher efficiency but also allows the system to be scaled to the end-user’s needs.
A MILP Model for Revenue Optimization of a Compressed Air Energy Storage Plant with Electrolysis
Ann-Kathrin Klaas, Hans-Peter Beck
March 8, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Optimization
Keywords: CAES, Compressed Air Energy Storage, day-ahead-market, electrolysis, Huntorf, Hydrogen, MILP, mixed-integer linear programming, Rolling Horizon Optimization
Energy storage, both short- and long-term, will play a vital role in the energy system of the future. One storage technology that provides high power and capacity and that can be operated without carbon emissions is compressed air energy storage (CAES). However, it is widely assumed that CAES plants are not economically feasible. In this context, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model of the Huntorf CAES plant was developed for revenue maximization when participating in the day-ahead market and the minute-reserve market in Germany. The plant model included various plant variations (increased power and storage capacity, recuperation) and a water electrolyzer to produce hydrogen to be used in the combustion chamber of the CAES plant. The MILP model was applied to four use cases that represent a market-orientated operation of the plant. The objective was the maximization of revenue with regard to price spreads and operating costs. To simulate forecast uncertainties of the market... [more]
A GIS-MCDA Approach Addressing Economic-Social-Environmental Concerns for Selecting the Most Suitable Compressed Air Energy Storage Reservoirs
Catarina R. Matos, Júlio F. Carneiro, Patrícia Pereira da Silva, Carla O. Henriques
March 8, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Environment
Keywords: Compressed Air Energy Storage, economic-social-environmental concerns, multi-criteria decision analysis, potential underground reservoirs, sensibility analysis, simple additive weighting
This article presents an assessment of the most suitable compressed air energy storage (CAES) reservoirs and facilities to better integrate renewable energy into the electricity grid. The novelty of this study resides in selecting the best CAES reservoir sites through the application of a multi-criteria decision aid (MCDA) tool, specifically the simple additive weighting (SAW) method. Besides using geographic information systems (GIS) spatial representation of potential reservoir areas, for the MCDA method, several spatial criteria, environmental and social constraints, and positive incentives (e.g., the proximity to existing power generation facilities of renewable energy sources) were contemplated. As a result, sixty-two alternatives or potential reservoir sites were identified, and thirteen criteria (seven constraints and six incentives) were considered. The final stage of this study consisted of conducting a sensitivity analysis to determine the robustness of the solutions obtained... [more]
Analysis of a Wind-Driven Air Compression System Utilising Underwater Compressed Air Energy Storage
Lawrie Swinfen-Styles, Seamus D. Garvey, Donald Giddings, Bruno Cárdenas, James P. Rouse
March 1, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: alternative wind technology, capture value, Compressed Air Energy Storage, generation integrated energy storage, intake swept volumes, optimal operation of energy stores, underwater compressed air energy storage, wind system simulation, wind-driven air compression, wind-integrated energy storage
The increasing push for renewable penetration into electricity grids will inevitably lead to an increased requirement for grid-scale energy storage at multiple time scales. It will, necessarily, lead to a higher proportion of the total energy consumed having been passed through storage. Offshore wind is a key technology for renewable penetration, and the co-location of energy storage with this wind power provides significant benefits. A novel generation-integrated energy storage system is described here in the form of a wind-driven air compressor feeding underwater compressed air energy storage. A direct drive compressor would require very high intake swept volumes. To overcome this difficulty, some prior compression is introduced. This paper discusses the constituent technologies for this concept, as well as the various configurations that it might take and the logic behind operating it. Special consideration has been given to the differences resulting from utilising a near-isothermal... [more]
Compressed Air Energy Storage Capacity Configuration and Economic Evaluation Considering the Uncertainty of Wind Energy
Qihui Yu, Li Tian, Xiaodong Li, Xin Tan
February 28, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: Compressed Air Energy Storage, economic analysis, NSGA-II, wind energy uncertainty
The random nature of wind energy is an important reason for the low energy utilization rate of wind farms. The use of a compressed air energy storage system (CAES) can help reduce the random characteristics of wind power generation while also increasing the utilization rate of wind energy. However, the unreasonable capacity allocation of the CAES system results in high capital investment and a long payback period. In order to improve the economic benefits of energy storage, this paper studies the capacity configuration of compressed air energy storage systems under the condition of wind energy uncertainty. First, the typical hourly power distribution of wind power generation was obtained using historical data. Factors such as user load demand, time-of-use price of the power grid, system investment cost, power shortage cost, and power sales revenue were considered. Then, a model was built with the charging and discharging power and gas storage capacity of the CAES system as constraints,... [more]
Experimental Investigation of Impacts of Initial Pressure Levels on Compression Efficiency and Dissolution in Liquid Piston Gas Compression
Barah Ahn, Paul I. Ro
February 27, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Environment
Keywords: Compressed Air Energy Storage, compression efficiency, liquid piston, multistage gas compression
Understanding how the pressure level affects the efficiency of liquid piston gas compression is essential for a greater applicability of the technology in compressed air energy storage. To explore the impacts, compression starting at three different initial pressure levels (1, 2, 3 bar) with a pressure ratio of 2 is performed, and how isothermal compression efficiencies are affected depending on the initial pressures is analyzed. Under the experimental conditions, higher initial pressure leads to lower isothermal efficiency. Air dissolution during the compression is also investigated because the chamber is a pressure-varying and a liquid-containing environment, where the gas solubility changes during the process. Evaluating the dissolution is critical as it affects the energy output when the compressed air is expanded to regenerate the energy. The changes in the air mass and the retrievable volume of the air after expansion are quantified based on Henry’s law. For a compression at high... [more]
Compressed Air Energy Storage—An Overview of Research Trends and Gaps through a Bibliometric Analysis
Emiliano Borri, Alessio Tafone, Gabriele Comodi, Alessandro Romagnoli, Luisa F. Cabeza
February 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: bibliometric analysis, CAES, Compressed Air Energy Storage, Energy Storage, literature review
Electrical energy storage systems have a fundamental role in the energy transition process supporting the penetration of renewable energy sources into the energy mix. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is a promising energy storage technology, mainly proposed for large-scale applications, that uses compressed air as an energy vector. Although the first document in literature on CAES appeared in 1976 and the first commercial plant was installed in 1978, this technology started to gain attention only in the decade 2000−2010, with remarkable scientific production output and the realization of other pre-commercial demonstrators and commercial plants. This study applies bibliometric techniques to draw a picture of the current status of the scientific progress and analyze the trend of the research on CAES and identify research gaps that can support researchers and manufacturers involved in this entering technology. Recent trends of research include aspects related to the off-design, the de... [more]
Detection and Evaluation Technologies for Using Existing Salt Caverns to Build Energy Storage
Yuanxi Liu, Yinping Li, Hongling Ma, Xilin Shi, Zhuyan Zheng, Zhikai Dong, Kai Zhao
February 24, 2023 (v1)
Keywords: brine injection method, Compressed Air Energy Storage, Energy Storage, existing salt cavern, natural gas storage, tightness
Underground salt caverns are widely used in large-scale energy storage, such as natural gas, compressed air, oil, and hydrogen. In order to quickly build large-scale natural gas reserves, an unusual building method was established. The method involves using the existing salt caverns left over from solution mining of salt to build energy storages. In 2007, it was first applied to Jintan Natural Gas Storage of China. Based on this successful project, several existing salt caverns were screened to build energy storages in China. Engineering experience indicates that the key to successful reusing is how to select the most suitable of the numerous available caverns and confirm it. This paper summarizes and reviews relevant theories and testing methods, including: (1) the primary selection principle for using existing salt caverns to build energy storage, (2) the testing method and evaluation theory of tightness of the existing salt cavern, and (3) the typical project case of using the exist... [more]
System Profit Improvement of a Thermal−Wind−CAES Hybrid System Considering Imbalance Cost in the Electricity Market
Mitul Ranjan Chakraborty, Subhojit Dawn, Pradip Kumar Saha, Jayanta Bhusan Basu, Taha Selim Ustun
February 24, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Environment
Keywords: Compressed Air Energy Storage, conditional value-at-risk, deregulated system, regulated system, system profit, value-at-risk, wind energy
Studying a renewable energy integrated power system’s features is essential, especially for deregulated systems. The unpredictability of renewable sources is the main barrier to integrating renewable energy-producing units with the current electrical grid. Due to its unpredictable nature, integrating wind power into an existing power system requires significant consideration. In a deregulated electricity market, this paper examines the implications of wind farm (WF) integration with CAES on electric losses, voltage profile, generation costs, and system economics. Comparative research was done to determine the impact of wind farm integration on regulated and deregulated environments. Four randomly chosen locations in India were chosen for this investigation, together with real-time information on each location’s real wind speed (RWS) and predicted wind speed (PWS). Surplus charge rates and deficit charge rates were created to assess the imbalance cost arising from the discrepancy betwee... [more]
Application of a Two-Level Rolling Horizon Optimization Scheme to a Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell and Compressed Air Energy Storage Plant for the Optimal Supply of Zero-Emissions Peaking Power
Jake Nease, Nina Monteiro, Thomas A. Adams II
June 19, 2018 (v1)
We present a new two-level rolling horizon optimization framework applied to a zero-emissions coal-fueled solid-oxide fuel cell power plant with compressed air energy storage for peaking applications. Simulations are performed where the scaled hourly demand for the year 2014 from the Ontario, Canada market is met as closely as possible. It was found that the proposed two-level strategy, by slowly adjusting the SOFC stack power upstream of the storage section, can improve load-following performance by 86% compared to the single-level optimization method proposed previously. A performance analysis indicates that the proposed approach uses the available storage volume to almost its maximum potential, with little improvement possible without changing the system itself. Further improvement to load-following is possible by increasing storage volumes, but with diminishing returns. Using an economically-focused objective function can improve annual revenue generation by as much as 6.5%, but no... [more]
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