A series of experimental tests on flow-induced motion (FIM) and energy conversion of two rigidly coupled triangular prisms (TRCTP) in tandem arrangement were conducted in a recirculating water channel with the constant oscillation mass mosc. The incoming flow velocity covered the range of 0.395 m/s ≤ U ≤ 1.438 m/s, corresponding to the Reynolds number range of 3.45 × 104 ≤ Re ≤ 1.25 × 105. The upstream and downstream triangular prisms with a width of 0.1 m and length of 0.9 m were connected by two rectangular endplates. Seven stiffness (1000 N/m ≤ K ≤ 2400 N/m), five load resistances (8 Ω ≤ RL ≤ 23 Ω), and five gap ratios (1 ≤ L/D ≤ 4) were selected as the parameters, and the FIM responses and energy conversion of TRCTP in tandem were analyzed and discussed to illustrate the effects. The experimental results indicate that the “sharp jump” phenomenon may appear at L/D = 2 and L/D = 3 significantly, with substantially increasing amplitude and decreasing oscillation frequency. The maximum... [more]

The widespread COVID-19 epidemic and political instability worldwide caused a significant transformation in the world’s fuel market [...]

With the growth of the world’s population and faster-developing industries, larger amounts of electric energy are needed [...]

Investigating the deposition evolution and stratal stacking patterns in continental rift basins is critical not only to better understand the mechanism of basin fills but also to reveal the enrichment regularity of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB) is a petroliferous continental rift basin located in the northern continental shelf of the South China Sea. In this study, the depositional evolution process and stacking pattern of the Zhu III Depression, western PRMB were studied through the integration of 3D seismic data, core data, and well logs. Five types of depositional systems formed from the Eocene to the Miocene, including the fan delta, meandering river delta, tidal flat, lacustrine system, and neritic shelf system. The representative depositional systems changed from the proximal fan delta and lacustrine system in the Eocene−early Oligocene, to the tidal flat and fan delta in the late Oligocene, and then the neritic shelf system in the Miocene. The statal... [more]

We prove that the steady states of a class of multidimensional reaction−diffusion systems are asymptotically stable at the intersection of unweighted space and exponentially weighted Sobolev spaces, paying particular attention to a special case, namely, systems of equations that arise in combustion theory. The steady-state solutions considered here are the end states of the planar fronts associated with these systems. The present work can be seen as a complement to the previous results on the stability of multidimensional planar fronts.

More and more clean energy is used worldwide and offshore wind power is an important part of clean energy. The difficulty of offshore construction is an important problem. The integrated floating transport technique of composite bucket foundation (CBF) provides an important method to solve this problem. The main purpose of this paper is to study and verify the safety of the integrated floating transport technique of the composite bucket foundation. Through the test method, we determine the location distribution where the contact force changes greatly and identify the factors that have a great impact on the contact force. We study the influencing factors of the contact force between the composite bucket foundation and the installation vessel during the towing process and verify the experimental results through project data monitoring. We conclude by proposing feasible suggestions for the safety assurance of the project based on the contact force problem.

For over three (3) decades, there has been an increase in research on energy sources from the production of oil using flexible marine risers, such as marine hoses. Marine hoses are conduits for special use as rubberized structures with hybrid polymer composites for offshore platforms in the oil and gas industry. This scientometric study uses qualitative, quantitative, and computational approaches. Data were retrieved using a research methodology that was created for this study using the SCOPUS and Web of Science (WoS) databases. This study provides a bibliometric literature review on marine hoses with an emphasis on the advancements made in the field from recent developments, geographical activity by countries, authorship histories, partnerships, funding sources, affiliations, co-occurrences, and potential research areas. The study found that the USA had the most publications, but there were fewer co-occurrences with connections outside the cluster. Due to the difficulty of adaptation,... [more]

To study the spatial distribution and scale of oil and gas near faults in petroliferous basins, a prediction model is established for the degree of damage that faults in different stages of evolution exert on the sealing ability of mudstone cap rocks by calculating the stages and degree of fault damage to the sealing ability of mudstone cap rocks. This model is applied to the Nanpu 5th Structure and the results show that at survey lines L2 and L8, the F1 Fault destroyed the sealing capacity of mudstone cap rock of the 2nd member of Dongying Formation (E3d2). The undamaged cap rock stage, when the degree of damage was zero, persisted from 23.8 to 16.0 Ma at survey line L2 and from 23.8 to 13.6 Ma at survey line L8. Complete destruction, i.e., where the degree of damage was 100%, at survey lines L2 and L8 occurred from 16.0 to 13.3 Ma and from 13.6 to 13.3 Ma, respectively. The partial destruction stage began 13.3 Ma ago and persists today; the degrees of damage at survey lines L2 and L8... [more]

The tracking of magnetic field lines can be very expensive, in terms of computational burden, when the field sources are numerous and have complex geometries, especially when accuracy is a priority, because an evaluation of the field is required in many situations. In some important applications, the computational cost can be significantly reduced by using a suitable approximation of the field in the integrated regions. This paper shows how Chebyshev polynomials are well-suited for field interpolation in magnetic field-line tracking, then discusses the conditions in which they are most appropriate, and quantifies the effectiveness of parallel computing in the approximation procedures.

Grid stability and supply security need to be maintained when generation and consumption mismatches occur. A potential solution to this problem could be using Energy Storage Technologies (EST). Since many alternatives exist, appropriate technology selection becomes a key challenge. Current research focuses on ranking and selecting the most suitable technology, regardless of the grid services to be provided. In this study, a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem is formulated considering fifteen selection criteria and the opinions of five energy storage experts groups. Literature and expert consultation data have been converted to triangular fuzzy (TF) numbers to cope with ambiguity and heterogeneity and eighteen technologies have been ranked applying the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The proposed method has been implemented on a software tool and assessed in four representative microgrid services of interest for the ENERISLA Pro... [more]

In the process of promoting economic development, carbon peaks and carbon neutrality have gradually received more attention. The question of how to steadily and rapidly improve the carbon neutrality capacity of each province and excavate the key factors hindering the carbon neutrality capacity has become particularly important. In this study, the DPSIR (driving, pressure, state, influence, response) framework was used to construct an index system of the provincial carbon neutrality capacity of the middle and lower Yellow River Basin, which included 37 indices. Based on the entropy weight matter-element model, the time evolution, regional differences, and restriction indicators of the carbon neutrality capacity of four provinces in the middle and lower Yellow River Basin from 2008 to 2021 were analyzed. The results showed that the carbon neutrality capacity of the four provinces in the middle and lower Yellow River Basin has significantly improved over time and has gradually reached a g... [more]

In this paper, different mathematical expressions are derived to compute the residual magnitude of voltage caused by faults along the line and on the bus. Symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults are taken into consideration, and the consequences of the various fault distributions are considered. A new way of assessing a sag is proposed that incorporates the method of fault position and mathematical expression based on sequence currents and voltages. The fault impedance is introduced to obtain a better result. A fast and efficient load flow analysis technique produces quick computational results. In addition, the sag analysis is performed using the bivariate joint discrete probability distribution method that gives a clear idea about the probability of occurrence of sag in a meshed network. The suggested approach is applied in the IEEE 39-bus system and with an existing real-time electrical power distribution system in India.

Energy density, which is an important indicator of the performance of solid propellants, is known to increase with the addition of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20). However, it remains unclear how CL-20 affects the decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and energy release. Here, the effects of CL-20 on the combustion performance and agglomeration of propellants were investigated. The addition of CL-20 decreased AP decomposition temperature and the energy required for the transformation of AP crystals from orthorhombic to cubic. The burning rate and pressure exponent of the propellant with 42% CL-20 were significantly higher than those of the propellant containing 20% CL-20. Thus, adding CL-20 to the propellant improves the energy characteristics and burning rate and the pressure exponent increases. At low combustion chamber pressure, the agglomeration of the propellant containing a high content of CL-20 will be blown away from the combustion surfac... [more]

Emissions from vehicles can be measured on the road or in laboratories using dynamometers that simulate the forces that a vehicle is subject to while driving on the road. In the light-duty vehicle regulations, only roller-type dynamometers are allowed. For hub-type dynamometers, due to the direct connection of the dynamometers to the wheel hubs, additional parameters that are used are rotational mass, dynamic wheel radius, and the tire force−slip relationship. Following up on an experimental study which showed that equivalent emission results can be achieved between roller- and hub-type dynamometers, this work presents and evaluates methods to determine parameters used by a hub-type dynamometer for mimicking roller-type dynamometer behavior. It also discusses methods to determine the parameters to simulate specific road conditions or when using only a hub-type dynamometer. The results show that using a constant dynamic radius for each wheel and a linear tire force−slip relationship is... [more]

The use of agroforestry residues for energy purposes has long been a reality in Brazil. About 84.8% of the produced electricity comes from renewable resources; vegetable biomass contributes 9.1% to this total. This percentage has the potential to increase if Amazon biomass residues are processed to be used as fuel. The major difficulty for this scenario is the lack of available information on energy properties, mainly the HHVs for Amazon agroforestry biomass types. Considering that there are important deviations in the equations for predicting the HHVs of Amazon biomass types in the literature, the main objective of this work was to propose equations to determine the HHVs of these biomass types using the proximate or ultimate analysis results as input. The methodology adopted to develop such equations was simple and multiple linear regression methods, using experimental results for HHVs and proximate and ultimate analyses for biomass types from the north region of Brazil. Four distinct... [more]

The urban power distribution system is one of the most complex artificial systems in the world [...]

Traditional high-voltage reactor monitoring and diagnosis research has problems such as high sampling demand, difficulty in noise reduction on site, many false alarms, and lack of on-site data. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes an acoustic−electric fusion high-voltage reactor acquisition system and defect diagnosis method based on reactor pulse current and ultrasonic detection signal. Using the envelope peak signal as the basic detection data, the sampling requirement of the system is reduced. To fill the missing data with partial discharge (PD) information, a method based on k-nearest neighbor (KNN) is proposed. An adaptive noise reduction method is carried out, and a noise threshold calculation method is given for the field sensors. A joint analysis method of acoustic and electrical signals based on correlation significance is established to determine whether a discharge event has occurred based on correlation significance. Finally, the method is applied to a... [more]

Crossfield is located in the province of Alberta in Canada and is one of the most well-known reservoirs of hydrocarbons. Since the 1950s, there has been continuous exploitation of more than 10 formations such as Cardium, Viking, Ellerslie, Elkton, Shunda, and Wabamun. Because of its location near the Foothills, the southwestern part of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, the Crossfield area has a complex geology and relatively deeper reservoirs, therefore requiring an in-depth examination of each formation. In this study, geological, technical, and economic analyses were performed on each formation within the 10 sections of the study lands in the Crossfield area. As the result of the study, there was potential for drilling 48 horizontal wells in the Cardium A zone and the Viking formation. In addition, it turned out to be economically feasible even at the WTI price of 60 dollars per barrel considering Alberta’s Royalty Framework, which is determined by the production rate and the pri... [more]

This paper presents the results of detonation parameters for ammonium nitrate-polyhydroxy alcohol mixtures and ternary explosive compositions modified by flaked aluminium. The detonation velocities, overpressures of blast waves and their specific impulses were determined. It was shown that the viscosity of liquid fuels is the leading property that determines the detonation parameters of the tested compositions.

In shear wave far detection logging, dipole-source radiation is the main factor influencing the amplitude of the reflected shear waves. In this paper, a method is derived with the far-field asymptotic solution to calculate the dipole-source radiation of shear waves in a fluid-filled borehole. Then the dipole-source radiation of the shear waves is simulated under both low and high frequencies. In addition, the influences of formation elastic parameters on the dipole-source radiation of the shear waves are analyzed and the variations of the radiation characteristics of the shear wave with source main frequency and borehole radius are compared. Results show that the density and compressional wave velocity of the formation have little effect on the dipole-source radiation of the shear waves. However, the shear wave velocity not only affects the shear wave amplitude radiated to the formation by the dipole source (radiation performance), but also affects the energy distribution of the shear... [more]

SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage) is used in Canadian fields where there are interlayers that impede steam chamber development and thus impede production. Many experiments have been conducted on the effect of interlayers on oil recovery. However, the swelling characteristics of interlayers under different conditions, as well as the possible clay mineral transformation and particle migration of clay particles at high temperatures, are rarely studied. In this paper, the swelling characteristics of natural oil sands and artificial clay samples were studied by high temperature hydration swelling experiments to obtain a better comparison. The effects of temperature, pressure and solution type on the swelling rate of oil sand were studied. The uniaxial compressive strength of the core in the presence of clay was studied by the scribe test. In addition, before and after the aging test at 220 °C and 2.5 MPa, the clay mineral composition was studied by the X-ray diffraction method, and the... [more]

Affected by Tianshan uplift, the southern Junggar Basin has experienced multi-stage tectonic movements and formed many large-scale anticlines with zonal distribution. The key to hydrocarbon exploration is to accurately implement anticline traps. This paper is guided by the fault-related folds theory to tectonically interpret several seismic profiles in the southern Junggar Basin and then summarize the anticline types and their hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics. This paper showed that the southern Junggar Basin has a tectonic assemblage pattern of “multi-detachment layers and multi-phase superposition”. According to the superimposed shape of the anticlines, they could be divided into overthrust anticlines, compound anticlines and multiple superimposed anticlines, and the horizontal and vertical positions of the different types of anticlines are different. The hydrocarbon accumulating characteristics of the different types of anticlines are shown to be different. The highs of the... [more]

We have developed a carbon nanotube (CNT) pad to replace carbon black, which is essential for electric muscle stimulation (EMS) suits that can provide efficient exercise effects in a short time. The optimized CNT pad had 10 times lower concentration but showed 20 times lower resistance than the carbon black pad. In the case of the peak voltage indicating the EMS performance, it was confirmed that the CNT (4.0 wt%) was 25.9 V and the carbon black (40 wt%) was 6.5 V, which was about 4 times better. CNT added increased from 4.0 wt% to 10.0 wt%, and the peak voltage increased from 25.9 V to 26.8 V, but the output voltage was not significantly improved compared to the amount of CNT added. These experimental results are expected to show higher EMS properties than carbon black because carbon nanotubes and silicon are agglomerated to form a particle-like shape.

Great attention has been paid in recent months to high energy prices, including fuel prices. Numerous studies present the threat this poses to economic growth, but history already knows such situations. Therefore, the elementary question was posed: How do fuel prices affect trade and economic growth? The research was based on the Polish economy between 2000 and 2020. Poland is an importer of energy commodities, so it should exhibit strong sensitivity to fuel price changes. A VAR model was created for the Polish economy, including fuel prices, seaborne trade, gross domestic product, and inflation. The results demonstrate that the Polish economy is quite resilient to fuel market turbulence. Obviously enough, it is easier to function in the conditions of lower fuel prices, but high prices are not a reason to panic. Moreover, ongoing technological progress allows economies to weather fuel market crises more easily than was the case back in the 20th century. Therefore, one may unequivocally... [more]

CO2 hydrate formation and dissociation are the fundamental processes for investigating hydrate-based carbon storage. To better understand CO2 hydrate phase behaviors in the presence of surfactant and solid additives, this study reports the effects of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) and micron Cu particles on the formation of CO2 hydrates in the presence of porous quartz sands in a lab-scale reactor. This research is part of a wider study focused on defining the properties of solid additives, produced via gas-atomization, on the formation and dissociation of gas hydrates. The morphology of CO2 hydrate formed in SDS solution shows dispersed crystal particles due to the increase of surface tension. SDS works as the kinetic promoter on CO2 hydrates formation whereas the addition of Cu particles inhibits CO2 gas consumption. The mixture additives show a faint kinetic inhibit effect, in which the Brownian motion restrictions may be responsible for the inhibition of CO2 hydrate production. The s... [more]