With the continuous enrichment of big data technology application scenarios, the clustering analysis of a data stream has become a research hotspot. However, the existing data stream clustering algorithms usually have some defects, such as inability to cluster arbitrary shapes, difficulty determining some important parameters, and “static” clustering. In this study, a novel algorithm MDDSDB-GC is innovated. It selected MDDB-GC as the original algorithm that cannot deal with a data stream. In MDDSDB-GC, the calculation methods of contribution, grid density, and migration factor are effectively improved, and other parts are adjusted accordingly. The experiments show that MDDSDB-GC retains the advantage of MDDB-GC and obtains the ability to cluster an analysis for a data stream. At the same time, it effectively overcomes the above conventional defects, and its overall performance is better.

The purpose of this paper is to study the actual dynamic load characteristics of a full-scale Accelerated Pavement Test (APT) device called Natural Environment-Automatically Loaded Track (NE-ALT) during its operation. The NEALT uses hydraulic and support reaction forces to apply axle loads, which are somewhat different from real trucks. Therefore, in order to ensure the accuracy of the loading parameters of the device, it is necessary to analyze the dynamic load characteristics of the device during operation. In this paper, a virtual prototype model of the device was established, and the important parameters, including vehicle speed and axle load, were set. The dynamic axle load, dynamic load coefficient, and influential factors of the NE-ALT were analyzed using the model at different speeds, hydraulic pressures, and road roughness. The results have shown that the dynamic axle load accuracy was most affected by speed, followed by road roughness, and then hydraulic cylinder pressure. Co... [more]

The Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) is recognized worldwide for its unique organoleptic characteristics, as well as for its capsaicin content; however, other bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds with bioactive properties (mainly antioxidant capacity), have been extracted (ultrasound) and identified in this fruit. Moreover, the extracts obtained by ultrasound present a high sensitivity to environmental conditions, making spray drying a viable option to avoid the degradation of bioactive compounds while maintaining their properties after microencapsulation. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize spray-drying conditions such as the inlet temperature (IT) and maltodextrin:extract (M:E) ratio. Thus, the objective of this work was to establish the optimal spray-drying conditions (IT and M:E) of a Habanero pepper extract with a final characterization of the spray-dried product. Results showed that the optimal spray-drying conditions included an IT =... [more]

Single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) has emerged as an important tool for the characterization of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) in the environment. Although most SP-ICP-MS applications rely on the quadrupole ICP-MS (ICP-QMS), it is limited by the slow scanning speed of the quadrupole. Recent advancements in instrumentation have led to the development of inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ICP-TOF-MS) which offers a viable solution. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in instrumentation and methodology of ICP-TOF-MS, followed by a detailed discussion of the applications of SP-ICP-TOFMS in analyzing NPs in the environment. SP-ICP-TOFMS has the potential to identify and quantify both anthropogenic and natural NPs in the environment, providing valuable insights into their occurrence, fate, behavior, and potential environmental risks.

High-frequency ultrasound (HFU) is an ultrasound technology with a frequency higher than 1000 kHz. It has become increasingly recognized as an emerging process intensification technology in various fields, such as biofuel production, carbon dioxide absorption, and wastewater treatment. HFU is seen as a potential intensifier technology for biofuel production, as its mechanisms, such as cavitational phenomena, microstreaming, and fountain formation, can benefit biofuel production. Previous research has shown that HFU can decrease the reaction time required for biofuel production, aid in lipid extraction, increase carbon dioxide absorption rates, and be effective in destroying pathogens in wastewater treatment. However, despite the potential benefits, there are limited reports on the use of HFU technology for biofuel production, which has led to uncertainties and constraints in its industrial deployment. These constraints include equipment design, economic analysis, and safety concerns, w... [more]

This work focused on the insufficient or excessive pressure relief in large-diameter pressure relief by drilling. The influence of large-diameter pressure relief by drilling on the 6307 working face of the Tangkou coal mine on the roadway deformation was taken as the research background, with numerical simulations, indoor experiments, and on-site applications used. The influence of pressure relief drilling on roadway deformation was studied to propose segmented reaming pressure relief. The influences of parameters (e.g., reaming diameter, reaming depth, and borehole spacings) on the evolution characteristics of segmented reaming cracks and pressure relief were further investigated. The results showed that segmented reaming pressure relief reduced the roadway deformation and the peak elastic energy of coal in the impacted hazard area and improved the energy accumulation of the surrounding rocks of the roadway. The effect of segmented reaming pressure relief was positively correlated wit... [more]

The state variables in a biodigester are predicted using an unstructured model, and this study offers an analytical design of a Non-Linear Logistic Observer (NLLO), subsequently comparing its performance to that of other prominent state estimators. Because of variables such as temperature, pH, high pressure, volumetric organic load (VOC), and hydraulic retention time (HRT), among others, biodigester samples can be affected by the use of physical sensors, which are not always practical owing to their sensitivity to the type of sampling and external disturbances. The use of virtual sensors represents one approach to solving this issue. In this work, we suggest experimentally validating a mathematical model, then analytically designing a novel NLLO observer, and finally comparing the results to those obtained using a sliding-mode estimator and a Luenberger observer. By including online CH4 and CO2 measurements as inputs to the proposed observer, the local observability analysis demonstrat... [more]

In the marine gear system, the vibration of gears is transmitted to the ship foundation through shafts, bearings, housing, and isolators, and then the underwater noise is generated. Analyzing the vibration transfer properties and identifying the critical path can provide guidance to the low-noise design of the gear system. In this paper, a coupled gear-housing-foundation dynamic model is proposed for a flexible supported gear system, in which the flexibility of each subsystem and the coupling relationship between them are taken into account. The transferring process of gear vibration is divided into different layers between gears, shafts, bearings, housing, isolators, and ship foundation. Based on the vibration power flow (VPF) theory, detailed layering vibration transfer path analyses of the gear isolation coupled system are carried out for both location path and direction path, and the main paths are identified in a broad speed range. The results indicate that though the gear vibrati... [more]

Cogeneration, also known as a combined heat and power (CHP) system, produces both power and heat simultaneously. It reduces the operating costs and emissions by utilising waste heat from steam turbines and contributes to incapacitating the intermittency of renewable energy. The CHP-economic dispatch (CHP-ED) is needed to overcome the load dynamics as well as renewable intermittency. In this work, a CHP system connected with a wind power plant is considered for analysing the CHPED within a typical power system area. This study examines, the CHPED with and without a wind integrated energy network. The main objective of this work is to minimise the total operating cost, while meeting the generators’ constraints and prioritising the wind power output. The feasible operating region, valve point loading impact, and prohibited working regions of the CHP plants are taken while finding a CHPED solution with an integrated wind turbine. To find a CHPED solution, an optimisation algorithm was appl... [more]

Mudstone is a widely occurring type of rock in deep mining, and it is crucial to understand its failure mechanisms and strength characteristics under the interaction of water and high stress to ensure the stability of deeply buried engineered mudstone. In this study, the composition and the structure of mudstone were obtained, and triaxial tests were conducted on mudstone under five different water contents and four different confining pressures using a triaxial servo press. The variation rules for the peak strength and residual strength were obtained, and the applicability of the strength criteria was analyzed through fitting. The results showed that both the peak strength and the residual strength decreased linearly with increasing water content, with the peak strength decreasing more rapidly. Both the peak strength and the residual strength increased with increasing confining pressure, with the residual strength increasing more rapidly. The decrease in strength was primarily due to... [more]

Chinalco’s Toromocho mine, located in the Morococha district of Peru, treated 117,200 mtpd ores during last 10 years. It is currently undergoing expansion, treating approximately 52,740 mtpd of chalcopyrite ore since 2021. As with the commissioning of most large plants, the metallurgical performance levels produced after stability was achieved were below the design criteria; more specifically, the Cu overall recoveries were 80−82% compared with the design value of 85%, and the final concentrate Cu grades were 20−23% compared with the design value of 24% over the past 2 years. It is clear that the copper losses in the fine size fraction (<10 µm) were due to unoptimized hydrodynamics. To overcome this obstacle and improve overall performance, an innovative approach for flotation circuit evaluation was designed and set up, to improve understanding of the nature of the mineral losses, benchmark the cell hydrodynamics as a platform to improve flotation cell operation, and link the circui... [more]

is an evergreen shrub widely used in folk medicine due to the high biological potential of the leaves’ phenolic compounds. Since phenolic compounds are susceptible to degradation under different heat, light and oxygen conditions, various microencapsulation techniques, such as spray drying, can be used to increase their stability. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of different carriers (gum arabic (GA), maltodextrin 13−17 DE (MD), β-cyclodextrin (BCD) and their mixtures), carrier concentrations in feed (12.8, 16 and 19.2% (m/V)) and drying temperatures (120, 150 and 180 °C) on the physiochemical properties, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) of Pistacia lentiscus leaf extract powders. Product yields of powders ranged from 23.53 to 65.51%, moisture content from 2.89 to 12.03%, hygroscopicity up to 4.45 g/100 g, solubility from 27.11 to 86.84% and bulk density from 0.24 to 0.45 g/mL. All obtained powders had satisfactory physicochemical prop... [more]

Liquid−liquid equilibrium (LLE) data are critical for the design and optimization of processes for extracting aromatics. Partial LLE data for the non-aromatic−aromatic−sulfolane ternary system were acquired at 313.15 K and 101.3 kPa. The LLE data for the extraction of aromatics using sulfolane were predicted using the COSMO-RS model. Correspondingly, the predicted and experimental data were analyzed using the root mean square deviation (RMSD), distribution coefficient (D), and separation factor (S). The COSMO-RS model could better predict the LLE data for the extraction of aromatics by sulfolane. The results of quantum chemical calculation show that hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions between sulfolane−benzene and sulfolane−toluene were responsible for the strong selectivity of sulfolane for benzene and toluene over alkanes. The LLE data predicted by the COSMO-RS method using the UNIQUAC thermodynamic model were subjected to correlation analysis. The calculated RMSD values we... [more]

The main objective of this research was to create two different configurations of a flat-plate solar air heater, namely, Conventional-Case A and Modified-Case B, and develop a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model using ANSYS R15.0. The purpose of the CFD model was to simulate the heat transfer behavior of the proposed solar air heaters under unsteady conditions. The RNG k-ε turbulence model was employed for this CFD study. The experiments were conducted on sunny days, under the same conditions as the Egyptian climate. The results of the experiments show that the simulated CFD model and the measured outlet airflow temperatures, relative humidity, and velocities of the two tested solar air heaters were compared. The developed model made very satisfactory predictions. Moreover, the deviations between the average CFD outlet air temperatures and the experimental results were 7% and 7.8% for Case B and Case A, respectively. The CFD-simulated average relative humidity wa... [more]

This work proposes a new multi-objective optimization technique for concurrent diminution of torque ripple with the regulation of the speed of a 75 Kilowatt, 8/6, 4-phase SRM based on a double close loop, modified whale algorithm optimized fractional order proportional integral (MWAO FO-PI) control with a commutation angle controller. The system is analyzed and designed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. First, the performance of MWAO is tested on 30-dimensional standard benchmark functions. It is found that MWAO performance is better when examined on 30-dimensional standard benchmark functions, compared with WOA, and another six recently proposed state-of-art functions. Then, a double loop control based on the MWAO FO-PI controller is designed and implemented for concurrent diminution of torque ripple with the regulation of the speed of a 75 Kilowatt, 8/6, 4-phase SRM with a commutation angle controller. It was found that the percentage improvement achieved in the combined objective opti... [more]

A significant effort is required to reduce China’s dependency on fossil fuels while also supporting worldwide efforts to reduce climate change and develop hydrogen energy systems. A hydrogen economy must include renewable energy sources (RESs), which can offer a clean and sustainable energy source for producing hydrogen. This study uses an integrated fuzzy AHP−fuzzy TOPSIS method to evaluate and rank renewable energy sources for developing a hydrogen economy in China. This is a novel approach because it can capture the uncertainty and vagueness in the decision-making process and provide a comprehensive and robust evaluation of the alternatives. Moreover, it considers multiple criteria and sub-criteria that reflect the environmental, economic, technical, social, and political aspects of RESs from the perspective of a hydrogen economy. This study identified five major criteria, fifteen sub-criteria, and six RES alternatives for hydrogen production. This integrated approach uses fuzzy AHP... [more]

Good practices are among the direct/indirect components that influence agrofood safety knowledge, and occupying quality assurance control facets within the (agrofood) product industry. Cleaner production involves an integrated preventive environmental strategy applied to processes, products, and services, which increases overall efficiency, and reduces risks to humans/environment. However, ‘cleaner food production’ appears neither yet clearly defined nor well established. In this preliminary survey analysis, how good practices would contribute towards achieving cleaner food production in the context of food retail sector was performed. Specifically, Wrocław-Poland served as a case reference targeting managers/supervisors given their expected service, experience, and expertise. The sampling technique used was the judgment/purposive type, and the research instrument took the form of a questionnaire. Managers’/supervisors’ responses revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) across va... [more]

The processing quality of steel bar thread has a large influence on its performance. Using the traditional thread processing technology, it is difficult to meet the requirements of steel bar thread processing with large diameter and high strength. A technical process for HRB500 high-strength steel bar thread processing, including face milling, rib stripping, chamfering, necking formation, and thread rolling, was proposed. The influences of cutting parameters on the cutting force of steel bar surface in face milling were analyzed by the finite element method. For the necking formation process, the effect of springback amount on necking formation was studied. The main parameters in rolling formation were analyzed and calculated, including extrusion pressure, rolling speed, and rolling feed. Experiments for uniaxial tensile of the processed high-strength steel bar threads were carried out. The results showed that cutting depth has the largest influence on the cutting force; the second is... [more]

Four different bacteria capable of degrading butachlor, as well as five different syntrophic pairs of bacteria able to break down butachlor, were isolated from rice paddy soils in Korea. Genetic and phenotypic analyses were conducted to better understand their characteristics and behavior. All single isolates and syntrophic pairs were able to utilize butachlor as a sole carbon and energy source. Analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence showed that the isolates were related to members of the genus Rhodococcus and a new type of butachlor-degrading genus Sphingobium. The chromosomal DNA fingerprinting patterns of the butachlor-degrading bacteria and syntrophic pairs were analyzed using a technique called repetitive-sequence-based PCR (REP-PCR). The results showed that there were two different REP-PCR patterns found among the four independent butachlor-degrading bacteria, and ten strains of five different syntrophic pairs produced a total of eight distinct DNA fingerprints. Through the use of gas... [more]

Model compounds were used to provide some chemical boundaries for the eight-fraction SAR-ADTM characterization method for heavy oils. It was found that the Saturates fraction consists of linear and highly cyclic alkanes; the Aro-1 fraction consists of molecules with a single aromatic ring; the Aro-2 fraction consists of mostly 2 and 3-ring fused aromatic molecules, the pericondensed 4-ring molecule pyrene, and molecules with 3−5 rings that are not fused; and the Aro-3 fraction consists of 4-membered linear and catacondensed aromatics, larger pericondensed aromatics, and large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The Resins fraction consists of mostly fused aromatic ring systems containing polar functional groups and metallated polar vanadium oxide porphyrin compounds, and the Asphaltene fraction consists of both island- and archipelago-type structures with a broad range of molecular weight variation, aromaticity, and heteroatom contents. The behavior of the eight SAR-ADTM fractions during... [more]

Design parameters such as initial bonding section, prestress, and bonding stiffness have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of the full-length bonded prestressed bolt. In order to understand the influence of the above three parameters on the axial force and shear stress of anchor bolts under the condition of rock separation, theoretical and numerical models were established, and the sensitivity of different parameters was analyzed based on the grey correlation method. Results indicate that the bonding stiffness had the greatest impact on the mechanical properties of the bolt and largely determined the peak axial force, peak interfacial shear stress, and number of sliding elements. Moreover, prestress had a significant impact on the peak axial force and the distribution of shear stress in the initial bonding section, while the length of the initial bonding section had a significant impact on the number of sliding elements and the peak axial force after sliding. The grey c... [more]

The cement industry is an important industrial entity responsible for implementing carbon emission reduction targets. Considering the carbon trading and green certificate trading mechanisms, this paper presents a multi-stage planning approach for the constructed Cement-Industrial Integrated Energy System (Cement-IIES). Carbon reduction technologies represented by low-temperature waste heat recovery, as well as phased changes in economic and technical parameters, are considered in the model. The case study shows that the proposed method not only optimizes the design economy of the Cement-IIES but also achieves a substantial carbon emission reduction in the cement production process and energy supply system. Compared with the traditional single-stage planning, the proposed method improves the system’s economic efficiency by 13.88% and flexibly adapts to changes in policies such as “coal reform”, green certificate trading and carbon quotas. The low-temperature waste heat recovery technolo... [more]

This study explores the responses of manufacturing and service provision companies in Santiago de Cali to stimuli during the COVID-19 pandemic. The responses included changes in demand, absenteeism, and the development of new products, which affected the supply chain (SC). The qualitative methodology of the multiple-case study was used. The evidence for the multiple-case studies was collected through semi-structured interviews, where the interviewees were SC experts from four manufacturing companies and one service company. The data analysis was performed in two phases. In phase one, the case study protocol was completed, and in phase two, thematic analysis was used to identify supply chain response (SCR) patterns. The results revealed two aspects of the SCR. First, to respond to a stimulus, SC adapted activities other than those of suppliers and manufacturers, such as product design and development, human resources, budgeting, and logistics. Second, the SCs used several alternatives t... [more]

The field of industrial biotechnology has shown an increasing interest in adopting digital twins for improving process productivity and management efficiency. Despite its potential benefits, digital-twin-based biomanufacturing has not been fully implemented. As a preliminary undertaking, we developed an open-source digital twin framework for cell culture. The core models of the digital twin were coded in C++ and compiled as a reusable Python library. A web-based, cloud-native HMI application that links the physical and virtual systems was developed. A microbioreactor digital twin system was implemented using the framework as a proof of concept. The system features a 3D-printed rocking platform that is customized to fit T25 flasks, enabling automated rocking rate and angle control and in-place optical cell density measurement. The digital twin was validated using Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells and was found to be able to predict the changes in cell density, glucose consumption, lacti... [more]

In order to investigate the operational performance of the high-pressure (HP) cylinder towards a 300 MW boiler unit, the three-dimensional calculation method was applied to simulate the aerodynamic flow characteristics of the last five stage cylinder blades, including limiting streamline, isentropic efficiency along the blade height, and relative work amounts. Simulation results show that with the back pressure controlled at 3.4 MPa and the inlet steam flow decreasing to a certain extent, the flow state of the last three stage blades begins to deteriorate. When the back pressure continues to drop, the flow state becomes unstable at the blade root and the blade tip on the suction surface of the rotor blade, while the flow state is stable on the pressure surface of the rotor blade and the surface of the stationary blade. If the flow rate decreases, the flow separation area on the suction surface of the moving blade decreases, and the flow performance can be improved. With the decrease in... [more]