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Records with Subject: Biosystems
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Special Issue on “Secondary Metabolites: Extraction, Optimization, Identification and Applications in Food, Nutraceutical, and Pharmaceutical Industries”
Ibrahim M. Abu-Reidah
February 19, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
There is a growing interest in utilizing natural plant extracts in the food and beverage industries [...]
New Alternatives in the Fight against Tuberculosis: Possible Targets for Resistant Mycobacteria
Eduardo Rodríguez-Bustamante, Saúl Gómez-Manzo, Alvaro De Obeso Fernández del Valle, Roberto Arreguín-Espinosa, Clara Espitia-Pinzón, Eden Rodríguez-Flores
February 19, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: diarylquinolines, drug resistant TB strains, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, natural products, novel vaccine generation, repurposing drugs, treatment
Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial disease that remains a global health threat due to the millions of deaths attributed to it each year. The emergence of drug resistance has exacerbated and further increased the challenges in the fight against this illness. Despite the preventive measures using the application of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine, the desired immunization outcome is not as high as expected. Conventional TB treatments exhibit serious limitations, such as adverse effects and prolonged duration, leading to a pressing need for alternative and more effective treatment options. Despite significant efforts, it took nearly four decades for diarylquinoline to become the most recently approved medicine for this disease. In addition, various possibilities, such as the usage of medications used for many other conditions (repurposed drugs), have been explored in order to speed up the process of achieving faster outcomes. Natural compounds derived from various sources (microorganis... [more]
Antimicrobial Resistance of Heterotrophic Bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae Inhabiting an Anthropogenic-Affected River Stretch in Bulgaria
Zvezdimira Tsvetanova, Hristo Najdenski
February 19, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance, E. coli, Enterobacteriaceae, heterotrophic bacteria, surface water, waste water
The increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of pathogens is a significant threat to human and animal health, but it is also an environmental challenge for water resources. The present study aimed to quantify heterotrophic bacteria resistant to five groups of antibiotics (ABs) in a selected Yantra River stretch (including its tributary, the Belitsa River); to assess AMR prevalence among Enterobacteriaceae; and to assess the impact of urban effluents or rural runoff on AMR prevalence along the river course at eight sampling points. Culture-dependent methods were used in a population-based study of total AMR and for AB susceptibility testing of Enterobacteriaceae isolates. The data reveal significant differences in AMR dissemination and a lower (up to 10%) proportion of different types of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in the Yantra River water compared to the Belitsa River (up to 20%). The incidence of resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates was in the range of 1% to gentamicin to 3... [more]
Response of Nitrogen Removal Performance and Microbial Distribution to Seasonal Shock Nutrients Load in a Lakeshore Multicell Constructed Wetland
Jing Yuan, Bin Wang, Zeying Hou, Jiayu Peng, Dan Li, Zhaosheng Chu
February 10, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: hydraulic characters, lakeshore wetlands, microbial community, nitrogen removal, nonpoint source pollution, spatial and temporal regulation
Multicell constructed wetlands (MCWs) on lakeshores are a prospective treatment technique. However, the factors affecting the nutrient removal performance of lakeshore MCWs at the field scale are unclear. This study chose a field-scale lakeshore MCW with the highest mass removal efficiency (approximately 49,175.12 mg m−2 day−1) for total nitrogen removal in the wet season to investigate the response of nitrogen removal and microbial distribution to seasonal shock nutrients load. The mass loading rates in the wet season were as high as 43~72 times over those in the dry season. Hence, a storage pond (SP), as a forebay retention cell, was necessary to mitigate the shock loads of the influent, which is beneficial to nitrogen removal of the MCW system. The two major genera in the sediments are heterotrophic nitrification−aerobic denitrification bacteria, and the abundance and species of the nitrogen-related functional genera were higher in the wet season than the dry season. According to th... [more]
Non-Classical Circularly Polarized Luminescence Control of Peptide Luminophore Based on Precise Chiral Space Control
Yoshitane Imai, Mizuki Kitamatsu
February 10, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: chiral molecule, circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), peptide, pyrene
Light that rotates in a circular spiral when viewed from the front is known as circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), and can be divided into two types, namely, left- and right-rotating light. To emit both left- and right-rotating CPLs, two types of optically active luminophores, namely, enantiomer D- and L-bodies, are generally required. This mini-review mainly discusses our latest study on CPL properties via the control of the pyrene ring as the luminescent unit incorporated into chiral peptides. In this study, optically active peptide−pyrene organoluminescent materials that emit CPL were synthesized by combining a peptide as a frame and two pyrene rings as a luminescent unit. By adjusting the interpyrene distance, external conditions, and absolute chiral configuration (D- or L-configuration), the chiral spatial configuration of the luminescent pyrene ring was precisely controlled. Consequently, the direction of CPL rotation from pyrenylalanine-containing peptides with the same con... [more]
Antibacterial Activities of Oral Care Products Containing Natural Plant Extracts from the Thai Highlands against Staphylococcus aureus: Evaluation and Satisfaction Studies
Saranya Chaiwaree, Kannika Srilai, Kantaporn Kheawfu, Patcharin Thammasit
February 10, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: antibacterial, highland areas, mouth spray, natural plant extracts, oral ulcer gel, satisfaction
In this research, we aimed to assess antibacterial activity and develop oral care products from three natural plant extracts from the Thai highlands. The plants, including Camellia sinensis var. assamica, Zanthozylum limonella Alston, and Acorus calamus L., were extracted using two traditional extraction techniques: maceration and hydrodistillation methods. The extracts were characterized by percentage yield, total phenolic, and total flavonoid contents. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, which play a role in oral health and disease, was investigated. C. sinensis var. assamica extract had the highest content of phenolic acid (38.15 ± 4.12 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (44.91 ± 2.76 mg QE/g extract). Interestingly, a combination of C. sinensis with Z. limonella and A. calamus provides a greater inhibitory effect against S. aureus. Furthermore, oral care products were prepared as a natural product mixture in two preparations: (i) oral ulcers gel and (ii) oral spray.... [more]
Leaf Extract Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response in BV-2 Microglia Cells
Ji-Woong Park, Woong Kim, Chul Yung Choi, Seok-Jun Kim
February 10, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: cytokine, MAPK/NF-κB pathway, microglia, neuroinflammation, Rumex crispus
Background: Microglial cells are immune cells that operate within the central nervous system. Abnormally activated microglia cause neuroinflammation, which is linked with neurodegenerative disease. Previous research has revealed that Rumex crispus root extract exerts anti-inflammatory effects. However, it is not known whether Rumex crispus leaf extract (RLE) has anti-inflammatory effects on murine microglial cells, such as BV-2 cells. This study proposed to investigate the impact of RLE on inducing inflammation by LPS in BV-2 cells. Methods: LPS was used to induce inflammation in BV-2 cells, and then cell survival, changes in the levels of inflammation-related factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathway activity were evaluated in the presence or absence of RLE. Results: RLE treatment resulted in a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) production triggered by LPS without causing cytotoxic effects. In addition, both protein and mRNA expression levels of iNOS an... [more]
Microbial Population Dynamics during Unstable Operation of a Semicontinuous Anaerobic Digester Fed with a Mild-Treated Olive Mill Solid Waste
Juan Cubero-Cardoso, África Fernández-Prior, Javier Ramiro-Garcia, Angeles Trujillo-Reyes, Belén Caballero-Guerrero, Guillermo Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, Fernando G. Fermoso
February 10, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: anaerobic digestion, phenol, solid waste, thermal treatment, valorization
This research evaluates process instability together with microbial population dynamics of the startup of an anaerobic digestion of a mild pretreated solid olive oil waste. The pretreatment consisted of a mild thermal treatment called thermo-malaxation and a subsequent dephenolized process of the olive mill solid waste. The anaerobic digestion process of the mild pretreated and partially dephenolized biomass was studied for three Hydraulic Retention Times (HRTs), with 21 days each HRT, with an organic load rate of 1 g VS/L d, carried out at mesophilic temperature (35 ± 1 °C). The average value of methane yield decreased from 204 ± 9 mL CH4/g VS d on day 21, the last day of the first HRT, to 87 ± 24 mL CH4/g VS d on day 60, the last day of the third HRT. The alkalinity decreased drastically, indicating instability of the anaerobic digestion process. Although phenolic compounds were partially extracted in the pretreatment, the observed increase in phenolic compounds during reactor operat... [more]
Enhancing Bioactive Compound Bioaccessibility in Tapirira guianensis Juices through Ultrasound-Assisted Applications
Josiana Moreira Mar, Renilto Frota Corrêa, Andrezza da Silva Ramos, Valdely Ferreira Kinupp, Edgar Aparecido Sanches, Pedro Henrique Campelo, Jaqueline de Araújo Bezerra
February 10, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: “pau-pombo”, Anacardiaceae, compounds phenolics, flavonols, galloylquinic acids
This study evaluated the chemical profile and bioactive compounds in Tapirira guianensis juice samples under high-intensity ultrasound (US) effects. T. guianensis juices were produced and processed using the US with varying ultrasound energy (0, 0.9, 1.8, 2.7, and 3.6 kJ·cm−3) for 10 min. The treated juices were evaluated for total acidity, color, pH, total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, carotenoids, antioxidant capacity, in vitro digestibility, as well as quantification of bioactive compounds by HPLC-DAD. The hydromethanolic extract obtained from T. guianensis exhibited the presence of two major categories of polyphenols, specifically galloylquinic acids and flavonols. Overall, US technology was responsible for inducing some negative changes, such as carotenoid degradation, but also some positive changes in the chemical profile of the beverages, such as increased phenolic content, improved antioxidant capacity, and increased anthocyanin content. However, the beneficial effects were... [more]
The Influence of Oxidizing and Non-Oxidizing Biocides on Enzymatic and Microbial Activity in Sugarcane Processing
Evan Terrell, Yunci Qi, Gillian O. Bruni, Emily Heck
February 10, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: amylase, biocides, dextran, dextranase, raw sugar, starch, sugarcane
Processing aids are utilized during raw sugar manufacturing at sugarcane processing facilities to mitigate unwanted contamination from microorganisms and their associated exopolysaccharides (EPS). Microorganisms in processing facilities contribute to sugar losses through sucrose inversion and consumption, with many bacteria strains subsequently producing dextran and fructan EPS that can cause downstream issues related to viscosity and crystallization. Similar issues also result from the presence of unwanted starches from plant material in cane juices. Processing aids include biocides for bacterial inhibition, and enzymes (e.g., dextranase, amylase) to break down polysaccharides in juices. However, oxidizing biocide processing aids (e.g., sodium hypochlorite) may inhibit enzymatic processing aid activity. In this study, biocides (sodium hypochlorite, carbamate, and hop extract) and enzymes (dextranase and amylase) were simultaneously added to sugarcane juice to measure residual enzymati... [more]
Evaluation of the Effect of Betulin and Its Alkynyl Derivatives on the Profile of Changes in Gene Expression of the Inflammatory Process of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells (HT-29 Cell Line)
Agnieszka Lubczyńska, Ewa Bębenek, Agnieszka Garncarczyk, Dominika Wcisło-Dziadecka
January 12, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: betulin, colorectal cancer, inflammation
Betulin is a lupane-type pentacyclic triterpene. It is characterized by a range of biological properties, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. It is also an origin compound for obtaining derivatives with higher biological activity and better bioavailability. Chronic inflammation stimulates the formation of a pro-cancer microenvironment, promoting tumor growth, cell migration, and neoangiogenesis. Many factors, immune system cells, and cytokines and chemokines released by them are involved in this process. Therefore, it has been suggested that the optimal target for anti-cancer drugs in this disease could be substances showing anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of the study was to indicate the direction of changes in the expression of genes related to the inflammatory state in colorectal cancer cells promoted by betulin and its selected alkynyl derivatives. Cytotoxicity assessment was carried out using a sulforhodamine B (SRB) test, whereas lipophilicity was determin... [more]
Transdermal Patches Containing Opioids in the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Pain
Iolanda De Marco
January 12, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: buprenorphine, fentanyl, reservoir and matrix systems, transdermal patches
Transdermal delivery is a non-invasive route, used as an alternative to the oral route, to administer drugs through the skin surface. One of the fields in which they are particularly used is that of pain therapy. In this treatment, transdermal patches, particularly those containing opioids, are used to complement or replace orally administered drugs. First-generation patches are constituted by reservoir systems, where the drug is dissolved in a solvent and gelled with a polymer. In contrast, the active principle is incorporated into the polymer adhesive in more recent matrix patches. In this review, the main papers related to the production and employment of transdermal patches containing the two most used opioids, i.e., fentanyl and buprenorphine, have been critically analyzed. From the analysis of the literature, it is possible to deduce that the type of drug and the amount of drug present in the patch must be chosen not according to the origin of the pain but to the age of the patie... [more]
Three-Dimensional Printing Technologies in Oral Films Manufacturing—A Minireview
Emma Adriana Ozon, Iulian Sarbu, Violeta Popovici, Mirela Adriana Mitu, Adina Magdalena Musuc, Oana Karampelas, Bruno Stefan Velescu
January 12, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: 3D inkjet printing, active pharmaceutical ingredients, buccal drug delivery, extrusion-based 3D printing methods, liquid crystal display 3D printing, oral films, personalized medicine, Polymers
The interest in buccal drug delivery is under consideration due to some distinct properties compared to the traditional pharmaceutical formulations for oral administration: significantly higher bioavailability, a faster absorption rate of the drug, and substantial compliance for special needs patients. Oral films are obtained through various technologies, from conventional tools to 3D and 4D printing approaches. This minireview aims to describe the current additive manufacturing technologies in oral film fabrication, display their advantages and limitations, and discuss various formulation strategies. It also provides advanced data regarding synthetic and natural polymers used in 3D printing technologies for oral films. Moreover, it shows the most recent studies with 3D-printed orodispersible films and mucoadhesive buccal films manufactured through previously analyzed methods. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives are also briefly summarized.
The Improved Cytotoxic Capacity of Functionalized Nanodiamonds with Metformin in Breast and Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines
Lucero Evelia Acuña-Aguilar, Alain Salvador Conejo-Dávila, Mario Miki-Yoshida, Olga N. Hernández-de la Cruz, Gricelda Sánchez-Sánchez, César López-Camarillo, Joan Sebastian Salas-Leiva, Erasto Armando Zaragoza-Contreras, Reyna Reyes-Martínez, Erasmo Orrantia-Borunda
January 12, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: biguanide, breast cancer, functionalization, nanodiamonds, ovarian cancer
Nanodiamonds (ND-COOH) are used as drug delivery systems because of their attractive properties, as they allow for optimized transport of therapeutic agents in cellular models. Metformin (MET) is a drug used in diabetes mellitus therapy and exhibits anti-cancer properties. In this study, dispersed nanodiamonds were functionalized with metformin by directly binding them to 1,6-hexanediol (ND-MET), and their effects on the cytotoxicity of breast and ovarian cancer cells were evaluated in vitro. A simple synthesis of ND-MET was performed and characterized using FT-IR, XPS, Boehm titration, RAMAN, XDR, TEM, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Data showed an increased intensity of the C-N bond band, indicating the presence of metformin in ND-MET. We detected signals at 1427 cm−1 and 1288 cm−1 corresponding to the C-N and C-H bonds, and adsorptions at 1061 cm−1 and 3208 cm−1 corresponding to the N-O and N-H bonds, respectively. The deconvolution of the C1s binding energy was also found at 28... [more]
Defatting and Defatted Peanuts: A Critical Review on Methods of Oil Extraction and Consideration of Solid Matrix as a By-Product or Intended Target
Freddy Mahfoud, Jean Claude Assaf, Rudolph Elias, Espérance Debs, Nicolas Louka
January 5, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: defatted peanuts, defatting peanuts, nutritional characteristics, oil extraction, peanut protein
Peanuts, being crucial crops of global importance, have gained widespread recognition for their versatility and nutritional value. In addition to direct consumption, either with or without treatment, peanuts can be the subject of diverse applications focusing mainly on two distinct objectives: oil extraction and defatting processes. As a result of the first process, a solid matrix is generated as a by-product, necessitating the exploration of strategies for its valorization, while the second process is centered on obtaining protein-rich, low-fat peanuts, for which the oil recovered becomes the by-product. As consumers increasingly seek out plant-based foods for their potential health benefits, this trend is expected to persist, encompassing peanut-based foods as well. This review elucidates the methods used for extracting peanut oil, including mechanical and chemical processes that have been combined with biological or physical pre-treatment techniques. Their primary goals are to maxim... [more]
Earthworm (Perionyx excavatus) Protein Hydrolysate: Hypoglycemic Activity and Its Stability for the Hydrolysate and Its Peptide Fractions
Phong T. Bui, Khoa T. Pham, Tam D. L. Vo
January 5, 2024 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: antidiabetic activity, earthworm protein, earthworm protein hydrolysate, hypoglycemic activity, peptide fraction, α-amylase inhibitory activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity
This study aims at exploring earthworm protein hydrolysate and its peptide fractions as a potential hypoglycemic agent by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Firstly, the best hydrolysis conditions to gain the hydrolysates with the highest α-amylase inhibitory activity (α-AIA) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (α-GIA) were figured out using a one-factor test. Next, the stability of the hypoglycemic activity of the hydrolysates and their 5 peptide fractions recovered using ultrafiltration membranes were assessed by employing the tests of in vitro digestion, thermal, and pH treatment. The results showed that at the best hydrolysis conditions, the hydrolysates exhibited α-AIA of 91.30 ± 2.51% and α-GIA of 44.69 ± 0.47%. Specifically, the <1 kDa peptide fraction from the hydrolysate expressed a greater α-AIA than that of acarbose, with nearly the same α-GIA as that of voglibose. The α-AIA and α-GIA of the hydrolysates and their fractions were enhanced after the in vitro digestio... [more]
Stability Study of Selected Coxibs Used in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Diseases in Various Drug Combinations
Paweł Gumułka, Monika Dąbrowska, Małgorzata Starek
November 30, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: coxibs, degradation study, drug stability, human and veterinary drug, rheumatoid diseases, TLC-densitometry
Coxibs are a group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors, characterized by a much lower gastrotoxicity compared to classic NSAIDs. They are often used in conjunction with other drugs, which greatly increases the likelihood of adverse drug interactions. The presented study analyzed the degradation rate of celecoxib and cimicoxib in solutions under the influence of other medicinal substances at different temperatures. For this purpose, triple-drug mixtures were prepared, consisting of coxib and eleven different commonly used drugs (paracetamol, ketoprofen, diclofenac, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, meloxicam, tramadol, doxycycline, bisoprolol, and caffeine). Then, the mixtures were incubated at two temperatures. Within the time specified by the research plan, further aliquots of the mixtures were subjected to a chromatographic analysis. Separation was conducted on HPTLC F254 silica gel chromatographic plates as a stationary phase, usin... [more]
Unveiling the Latest Breakthroughs in Menaquinone-7 Research through Fermentation-Based Production
Aydin Berenjian, Nima Yazdanpanah
November 30, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: biofilm reactors, fermentation-based production, health benefits, menaquinone-7 (MK-7), optimization of MK-7 biosynthesis
MK-7, like other biological molecules, exists in geometric isomers, including cis and trans forms, among which only the all-trans form holds biological significance. Recent studies have drawn attention to the manifold health advantages linked to the consumption of menaquinone-7 (MK-7). Nonetheless, the scarcity of MK-7 in natural dietary sources underscores the necessity for creating dietary supplements to fulfil daily intake requisites. Obtaining MK-7 involves employing production techniques encompassing solid- or liquid-state fermentation. However, upscaling this process becomes intricate in static fermentation due to challenges in heat and mass transfer. Consequently, the bulk of research on MK-7 synthesis via fermentation has concentrated on the liquid-state approach. To this end, endeavors have been dedicated to refining MK-7 biosynthesis by exploring diverse fermentation media compositions, optimal growth conditions, and even integrating nanobiotechnology methodologies. Innovativ... [more]
Screening of Microbial Strains Used to Ferment Dendrobium officinale to Produce Polysaccharides, and Investigation of These Polysaccharides’ Skin Care Effects
Xin Tang, Bulei Wang, Bingyong Mao, Jianxin Zhao, Guangrong Liu, Kaiye Yang, Shumao Cui
November 30, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: Dendrobium officinale, Fermentation, Limosilactobacillus reuteri CCFM8631, polysaccharides
The microbial fermentation of plants is a promising approach for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides with increased activity. In this study, ten microbial strains, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CCFM8661, Limosilactobacillus reuteri CCFM8631, Lactobacillus helveticus M10, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CCFM237, Lactilactobacillus sakei GD17-9, Lacticaseibacillus casei CCFM1073, Bacillus subtilis CCFM1162, Bacteroides cellulosilyticus FTJSI-E-2, Bacteroides stercoris FNMHLBEIK-4, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae HN7-A5, were used to ferment Dendrobium officinale. The skin care activity of the resulting polysaccharides (F-DOP) was evaluated in cultured HaCaT and RAW 264.7 cells, and a mouse model. The results indicated that D. officinale medium promoted strain proliferation, and fermentation significantly enhanced polysaccharide yield (up to 1.42 g/L) compared to that without fermentation (0.76 g/L). Moreover, F-DOPs, especially after CCFM8631 fermentation, exhibited an excellent ability to... [more]
Application of Alcohol-Salt Aqueous Biphasic System for the Recovery of Ectoine
Yin Hui Chow, Chin Tee Poh, Phei Er Kee, Hui Suan Ng, John (Chi-Wei) Lan, Li Wan Yoon
November 30, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: alcohol, aqueous biphasic system, ectoine, recovery, salt
Ectoine is an osmoregulatory compound synthesized by halophiles which has attracted attention in the biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics industries due to its stabilizing and protective properties. Conventional methods for ectoine recovery are complex, costly, and often result in low yields. Therefore, there is a growing interest in exploring simple and cost-effective strategies for ectoine recovery. The aqueous biphasic system (ABS) has been employed for the recovery and purification of numerous biocompounds, but the study of low-molecular weight compounds partitioning in ABS remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of alcohol−salt ABS for ectoine recovery from Halomonas salina DSM5928T cells. The influences of types and compositions of phase-forming components, crude load concentration, pH, and adjuvants on ectoine recovery were evaluated. Results revealed that ectoine favoured partitioning into the salt-rich bottom phase of alcohol−salt ABS owing to... [more]
What is the potential of bioCCS to deliver negative emissions in Norway? From biomass mapping to a window of negative emissions potential
Nikalet Everson, Michael Becidan, Simon Roussanaly, Rahul Anantharaman, Petronelle Holt, Roger Khalil
October 3, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: BioCCS, Bioenergy, Mapping, Negative emission, Norway
Negative emissions have been highlighted as a key component of achieving the net-zero ambition. However, ground-up approaches are necessary to better understand the realistic potential of negative emissions technologies at the national or continental level. Such an approach was applied in the present study to bioenergy with carbon capture and storage in Norway, starting from mapping and quantification of biomass until the derivation of a window of negative emission potential.
The results indicate that bioenergy with carbon capture and storage could enable between 1 and 13 MtCO2/y of negative emissions, with a more probable range between 2 and 8 MtCO2/y at least in the coming decades. These values are drastically higher than the potential identified in previous studies thus highlighting the importance of bottom-up approaches, like the one adopted here, to better estimate the potential negative emissions from bioenergy with carbon capture and storage.
In terms of biomass, the strongest... [more]
Thermal Treatment of Commercial Sweetener Solutions Modulates the Metabolic Responses in C57BL/6 Mice during a 24-Week-Long Exposition
Elizabeth Nieto-Mazzocco, Elena Franco-Robles, Adriana Saldaña-Robles, Neith Pacheco, César Ozuna
September 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: caloric sweeteners, non-caloric sweeteners, orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides, oxidative damage
The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effect of thermal treatment (TT: 121 ± 2 °C, 15 min) on the composition of commercial sweeteners diluted in water (10 °Brix). Additionally, we evaluated the impact of this TT on metabolic responses in C57BL/6 mice during a 24-week treatment. The sweeteners included in this study were sucrose (SC), glucose-63 (GLU63), agave syrup (AS), sucralose (SUC), and steviol glycosides (STG). HPLC analysis showed changes in the concentration of simple sugars of GLU63 and AS after TT. Importantly, in all sweeteners, TT modulated metabolic responses in mice. The mice drinking thermally treated sweetener solution showed an increase of 10−13% (p < 0.05) in food intake (AS, SUC, and STG), beverage intake (2−21%; SC and GLU63), weight gain (38%; SUC), energy (10−13%; AS, SUC, and STG), glucose levels (11−17%; SC and STG), GLP-1 (30%; SC) and insulin (88%; AS) release, and the generation of protein carbonyl (SC) and malondialdehyde (all sweeteners tested)... [more]
Advancement in Microbial Fuel Cells Technology by Using Waste Extract as an Organic Substrate to Produce Energy with Metal Removal
Ghada Mohamed Aleid, Anoud Saud Alshammari, Alamri Rahmah Dhahawi Ahmad, Fida Hussain, Sang-Eun Oh, Akil Ahmad, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim, Khalid Umar
September 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: Energy, heavy metals, microbial fuel cell, organic substrate, Wastewater
Energy generation using microbial fuel cells (MFC) and removing toxic metal ions is a potentially exciting new field of study as it has recently attracted a lot of interest in the scientific community. However, MFC technology is facing several challenges, including electron production and transportation. Therefore, the present work focuses on enhancing electron generation by extracting sugarcane waste. MFC was successfully operated in a batch mode for 79 days in the presence of 250 mg/L Pb2+ and Hg2+ ions. Sugarcane extract was regularly fed to it without interruption. On day 38, the maximum current density and power density were recorded, which were 86.84 mA/m2 and 3.89 mW/m2, respectively. The electrochemical data show that a sufficient voltage generation and biofilm formation produce gradually. The specific capacitance was found to be 11 × 10−4 F/g on day 79, indicating the steady growth of biofilm. On the other hand, Pb2+ and Hg2+ removal efficiencies were found to be 82% and 74.85... [more]
Atomic Force Microscopy as a Tool to Study Transport Phenomena in Biological Systems
Sneha Kandapal, Bingqian Xu
September 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: atomic force microscopy, binding interactions, biological systems, biomarkers, physical properties, transport
Biological interactions often involve the transport of molecules, ions, or other species across biological membranes or between interacting proteins. The understanding of these transport phenomena is crucial for the development of therapies for various diseases. Atomic force microscopy is a powerful tool that has been increasingly used to study biological systems at the nano scale. The high resolution, quantitative measurements, and the ability to probe biological interactions under near-physiological conditions make AFM an attractive tool for investigating transport phenomena in biological systems. In this article, we focus on the use of AFM in the study of the transport phenomena in biological systems. We discuss the principles of AFM, its instrumentation, and its application in the study of biomolecules and biological systems. We also provide a comprehensive overview of recent articles that have utilized AFM in the study of biomarkers in biological systems.
Profile Phenolic Compounds in Spanish-Style and Traditional Brine Black Olives (‘Gemlik’ Cv.) Provided from Different Regions of Türkiye
Cansu Demir, Elif Yildiz, Ozan Gurbuz
September 21, 2023 (v1)
Subject: Biosystems
Keywords: Cv. ‘Gemlik’, phenolic compounds, Spanish style, table olives, traditional processing
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of growing regions and processing methods on the composition and the quantity of phenolic compounds in ‘Gemlik’ variety table olives. Two different processing methods, Spanish-style and traditional brine (naturally processed) olives, were used in the processing of ‘Gemlik’ table olives. According to the data obtained in this study, the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds were observed for 3-hydroxytyrosol (4.58−168.21 mg/kg), followed by 4-hydroxyphenyl (0.76−97.58 mg/kg), luteolin 7-glucoside (0.32−58.64 mg/kg), tyrosol (1.57−47.24 mg/kg), and luteolin (0.17−53.56 mg/kg) in overall samples. The highest quantity of phenolic compounds was determined in raw olives, and the lowest phenolic compound content was determined in Spanish-style processed olives. Table olives which are produced by the natural process were observed to contain higher concentrations of phenolic compounds compared with the olives, which are produced in the Spa... [more]
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