In recent years, the scope of structural health monitoring in wind turbines has broadened due to the development of innovative data-driven methodologies [...]

The application of power electronics equipment in medium voltage (MV) distribution grids can provide new management solutions for power flow control, load balancing and voltage problems. A series MV VSC-based power flow controller has recently been presented to interconnect two radial distribution feeders performing active and reactive power transfers to improve the flexibility and utilization of these circuits in a controlled and secure way. Although not previously explored, this power flow controller can integrate the functionality of a series power filter, accomplishing independent control of the fundamental power flow while isolating the harmonic content between the two interconnected feeders. This prevents harmonic pollution from one feeder from propagating to the other, improving the voltage quality. To implement the harmonic isolation, several control strategies can be used. Therefore, this paper provides a comparative analysis between two of the main harmonic control techniques... [more]

Biomass gasification is an attractive technology and one of the pathways for producing hydrogen. Due to the variable seasons and low calorific value of biomass, the addition of coal in the gasifier is suggested because coal has a high calorific value and carbon-to-hydrogen ratio. In general, the gaseous product obtained in gasification always contains a high amount of carbon dioxide, therefore, the co-gasification of biomass and coal should integrate with the calcium looping carbon dioxide capture process to provide purified hydrogen. In this work, the model of the co-gasification of biomass and coal integrated with the calcium looping carbon dioxide capture process was developed through an Aspen Plus simulator. The developed model was used to analyze the performance of this process. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that increasing the gasification temperature, steam-to-feed (S/F) ratio, calcium oxide-to-feed (CaO/F) ratio, and regenerator temperature could improve hydrogen produc... [more]

With the centralization of wind power development, power-prediction technology based on wind power clusters has become an important means to reduce the volatility of wind power, so a large-scale power-prediction method of wind power clusters is proposed considering the prediction stability. Firstly, the fluctuating features of wind farms are constructed by acquiring statistical features to further build a divided model of wind power clusters using fuzzy clustering algorithm. Then the spatiotemporal features of the data of wind power are obtained using a spatiotemporal attention network to train the prediction model of wind power clusters in a large scale. Finally, the stability of predictive performance of wind power is analyzed using the comprehensive index evaluation system. The results show that the RMSE of wind power prediction is lower than 0.079 at large-scale wind farms based on the prediction method of wind power proposed in this paper using experience based on the data of 159... [more]

Owing to residual biomass availability, the share of advanced biofuels produced from secondary biomass is forecasted to increase and significantly contribute towards achieving net-zero emissions. The current work investigates bio-methanol production through a new process configuration designed to improve the environmental performance when compared to the state-of-the art technologies (Base Case). The environmental evaluation is conducted according to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. ReCiPe was employed as an impact assessment method with the aid of GaBi software. Depending on the plant geographical location, wooden biomass and exhausted olive pomace were evaluated as biomass sources. A scenario analysis targeting different energy sources was performed as well. The outcome of the environmental evaluation highlights a better performance in eight of a total of nine impact categories studied in the wooden biomass scenarios compared to the exhausted olive pomace. Moreover, two o... [more]

The technical supply potential of biomass and the associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are widely studied in the literature. However, relatively few studies have examined the role of biomass co-firing for future electricity in China by integratedly considering the economic supply potential and GHG effects. To fill this gap, we choose the Jiangsu Province in China as a case study and build up a partial equilibrium model with multiple agricultural commodities. Using this model combined with a life cycle assessment, we jointly determine the economic potential of the biomass supply for a biomass co-firing purpose and social benefits, including the agricultural producers’ surplus and GHG mitigation potential. The simulation incorporates the county-level biomass market of various crop residues as well as endogenous crop prices and transportation costs. We find that 0.7−12.5 M MT of residue-based biomass are economically viable for co-firing in coal-based power plants (up to 20%) at biom... [more]

In this work, a comprehensive energetic and exergetic comparative assessment is presented for the simple solar organic Rankine cycle (SORC), regenerative solar organic Rankine cycle (RORC), and dual-loop solar organic Rankine cycle (DORC), considering parameters such as the net power produced, exergy destruction, exergy, and energy efficiency in four zones located in Colombia due to their high solar irradiation potential. The energetic and exergetic balances were applied for each system component, using toluene as the working fluid. The RORC system showed a 2% increase in efficiency over the SORC, while the DORC cycle was lower than the SORC (45.85%) and RORC (46.90%) systems. Finally, for the exergy analysis, the results revealed that the SORC (5.3%) and RORC (5.2%) systems had the highest efficiency compared to DORC systems. Additionally, the highest exergy destruction (89%) was related to the collector, followed by the evaporators (1−2%), pumps (0.1%), and turbines (1.12%).

Decarbonization of the aviation sector relies on deployment of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) at commercial scale. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has been recognized as a promising technology to help supply the increasing projected SAF demand. High availability of agro-industrial residues, combined with a well-established biorefinery system, makes the sugarcane industry in Brazil a good option for HTL technology deployment. Moreover, challenges regarding the economic feasibility of SAF from HTL could be partially addressed by the RenovaBio policy, a market-driven incentive mechanism of carbon credits implemented in Brazil. This study investigated both the techno-economic and life cycle assessment of SAF production from sugarcane lignocellulosic residues, considering HTL integrated to a first-generation ethanol distillery and a HTL stand-alone facility. The evaluated scenarios showed great climate mitigation potential, reaching a reduction of up to 73−82% when compared to fossil jet... [more]

In Europe, the recast of Directive 2018/2001 defined Renewable Energy Communities as innovative configurations for renewable energy sharing between different end user types. In this regard, this work aims to assess the benefits following the constitution of a Renewable Energy Community in the industrial area of Benevento (South of Italy), involving a mixed-use building and an industrial wastewater treatment plant. The alternative single end users’ configuration has been also examined, and both solutions have been compared with the current state where the users’ electric energy requests are fully met by the power grid. The users have been equipped with a 466 kWp photovoltaic plant, modelled in HOMER Pro®, providing in input experimental meteorological data (global solar radiation and air temperature) collected by one of the weather control units in Benevento. Real data about users’ electric energy demand have been gathered from their electricity bills, and when unavailable their electri... [more]

The ambitious targets for the reduction of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions force the enhanced integration and installation of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs). Furthermore, the increased reliance of multiple sectors on electrical energy additionally challenges the electricity grid with high volatility from the demand side. In order to keep the transmission system operation stable and secure, the present approach adds local flexibility into the distribution system using the modular Energy Hub Gas (EHG) concept. For this concept, two different test cases are configured and evaluated. The two configured EHGs demonstrate the ability to provide flexibility and adaptability by reducing the difference between maximal and minimal load in the surrounding grid infrastructure by 30% in certain time periods. Furthermore, the average energy exchange is reduced by 8%. Therefore, by relieving the grid infrastructure in the local surroundings, the additional potential of RES is enabled and the curtailme... [more]

Compositional engineering is considered one of the recent interesting techniques used in the field of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this method, more than one material was used in a specific cation in the perovskite structure. This work aims to simulate the cesium-containing triple-cation perovskite (TCP) via the SCAPS-1D simulation program with a device structure of ITO/SnO2/TCP/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au. First, we studied the effect of interface defects on the PCSs with respect to experimental results and found that when no interface defects occur, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) reaches a value of 22.16% which is higher than the reported PCE, implying that the fabricated cell suffers from the interface defects as a main effect on cell degradation. Incorporating interface defects into the simulation results in a very good match between the experimental and simulated data with a PCE of 17.92%. Further, to provide possible routes to enhance the performance of the solar cell under inves... [more]

Heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems represent one of the main noise sources inside classrooms. This explain why HVAC systems require careful design, competent installation and balancing, and regular maintenance. Many factors influence the classroom acoustical design, such as air handlers or fans, the velocity of air inside the classroom, as well as the size and acoustical treatment of ducts, returns, and diffusers. Acoustic parameters, including background-noise levels, reverberation time, and intelligibility, were analyzed in 17 classrooms at the Università Politecnica in the Marche region. The study of intelligibility was performed by measuring the objective parameters in situ and using prediction methods to determine the intelligibility score. The relationship between speech intelligibility measurements and speech intelligibility calculation has been studied. The relationship between the STI values with the background-noise levels and the reverberation time was a... [more]

Maintenance is crucial for aircraft engines because of the demanding conditions to which they are exposed during operation. A proper maintenance plan is essential for ensuring safe flights and prolonging the life of the engines. It also plays a major role in managing costs for aeronautical companies. Various forms of degradation can affect different engine components. To optimize cost management, modern maintenance plans utilize diagnostic and prognostic techniques, such as Engine Health Monitoring (EHM), which assesses the health of the engine based on monitored parameters. In recent years, various EHM systems have been developed utilizing computational techniques. These algorithms are often enhanced by utilizing data reduction and noise filtering tools, which help to minimize computational time and efforts, and to improve performance by reducing noise from sensor data. This paper discusses the various mechanisms that lead to the degradation of aircraft engine components and the impac... [more]

Cities need to make themselves energy self-sufficient by exploiting renewable sources and, above all, to evaluate the potential and constraints that each city can express by virtue of its own characteristics. This study focused on how the realisation of a renewable energy community could be approached in urbanised contexts. The methodology involved the selection of three case studies in Rome analysing the feasibility, programming and design scale, and the implications of planning RECs. Through simulation at three levels of detail, this study identifies elements to assess the feasibility of RECs and to elaborate scenarios to support their planning and dimensioning. The practical importance is to identify a possible methodological path and relevant factors which public or private stakeholders can consider at different levels in setting up RECs in an urban context. The research conclusions of these simulations point out that the specificities of a context affect many factors, among which... [more]

The anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and the biogas production obtained from its stabilization are becoming an increasingly attractive solution, due to their beneficial effects on the environment. In this way, the waste is considered a resource allowing a reduction in the quantity of it going to landfills and the derived greenhouse gas emissions. Simultaneously, the upgrading process of biogas into biomethane can address the issues dealing with decarbonization of the transport. In this work, the production of biogas obtained from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes in a plug flow reactor is analyzed. In order to steer the chemical reactions, the temperature of the process must be kept under control. A new simulation model, implemented in the MatLab® environment, is developed to predict the temperature field within the reactor, in order to assess how the temperature affects the growth and the decay of the main microbial species. A thermal m... [more]

Catalytic upgrading of fast pyrolysis bio-oil from two different types of lignocellulosic biomass was conducted using an H-ZSM-5 catalyst at different temperatures. A fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor has been used to perform in situ catalytic pyrolysis experiments at temperatures of 673, 773, and 873 K, where the catalyst (H-ZSM-5) has been mixed with wood chips or lignin, and the pyrolysis and upgrading processes have been performed simultaneously. The fractionation method has been employed to determine the chemical composition of bio-oil samples after catalytic pyrolysis experiments by gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy (GCMS). Other characterization techniques, e.g., water content, viscosity, elemental analysis, pH, and bomb calorimetry have been used, and the obtained results have been compared with the non-catalytic pyrolysis method. The highest bio-oil yield has been reported for bio-oil obtained from softwood at 873 K for both non-catalytic and catalytic bio-oil samples. The r... [more]

The well pattern and boundary shape of reservoirs determine the distribution of the remaining oil distribution to a large extent, especially for small-scale reservoir blocks. However, it is difficult to replicate experiences from other reservoirs directly to predict the remaining oil distribution because of the variety of irregular boundary shapes and corresponding well patterns. Meanwhile, the regular well pattern can hardly suit irregular boundary shapes. In this paper, we propose a well placement method for undeveloped irregular reservoirs and a multi-step prediction framework to predict both oil saturation and pressure fields for any reservoir shape and well pattern. To boost the physical information of input characteristics, a feature amplification approach based on physical formulae is initially presented. Then, 3D convolution technology is employed for the first time in 3D reservoir prediction to increase the spatial information in the vertical direction of the reservoir in the... [more]

A theoretical model for describing the heat transfer characteristics of a turbine-based combined cycle (TBCC) engine cabin was established in Matlab/Simulink to quickly predict the thermal protection performance for engine accessories. The model’s effectiveness was verified by comparing the numerical results with the experimental data. The effects of different heat insulation layer thicknesses and fuel temperatures on the thermal protection performance are discussed; based on these effects, the heat insulation layer of 5 mm and fuel of 353 K were chosen to design the thermal protection cases. Nineteen different thermal protection cases were proposed and evaluated by using the model. Two representative accessories were chosen for the evaluation of the thermal protection performance of these cases. For accessory 1 with an internal heat source of 1000 W and internal fuel access, the thermal protection effect of adding a heat insulation layer and ventilation was the best, which decreased t... [more]

Energy and electricity are critical prerequisites for every nation and critical components of social and economic growth. The monetary policy economist has been debating the issue of relying on core inflation or headline inflation, which includes energy, because the energy price is so volatile that it obscures the trend in inflation and dilutes the objectives of monetary policy. This paper aims at analyzing the impact of the twin deficit on energy inflation within a linear and nonlinear framework in India using time series data covering the period from 1971 to 2021. ARDL and NARDL approaches are employed to investigate the linear/symmetric response of energy inflation due to the twin-deficit in India. Estimates show a negative relationship between the twin-deficit and energy inflation in a symmetric model. The results of the asymmetric model reveal that the response of energy inflation due to expansionary fiscal policy (increment in CFD) and contractionary fiscal policy (decline in CFD... [more]

Over the last few decades, lithium-ion batteries have grown in importance for the use of many portable devices and vehicular applications. It has been seen that their life expectancy is much more effective if the required conditions are met. In one of the required conditions, accurately estimating the battery’s state of charge (SOC) is one of the important factors. The purpose of this research paper is to implement the probabilistic filter algorithms for SOC estimation; however, there are challenges associated with that. Generally, for the battery to be effective the Bayesian estimation algorithms are required, which are recursively updating the probability density function of the system states. To address the challenges associated with SOC estimation, the research paper goes further into the functions of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and sigma point Kalman filter (SPKF). The function of both of these filters will be able to provide an accurate estimation. Further studies are requir... [more]

The key to achieving smart heating is the rational use of large amounts of data from the heating network. However, many current relevant studies based on generalized mathematical methods are unable to accurately describe the physical relationships between pipe network variables. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a new time-series fluctuation research method, which can be applied to the measured data of the hot water heating pipe network. This method is a new approach to identifying step data. Then, we propose the concept of time-series disturbance to quantify the degree of data anomaly. Finally, the results of a case study demonstrate the transfer process of a significant disturbance in the pipe network from the supply end to the return end. The time-series fluctuation method in this paper precisely describes two physical relationships between heating system variables and provides a feasible and convenient new research idea for self-perception and self-analysis of sma... [more]

A suspended open-type ceiling radiant cooling panel (CRCP) has been proposed recently. The main challenge is improving its cooling performance to overcome limitations for extensive use. Therefore, this study aims to optimize the design of CRCPs with curved and segmented structure to enhance heat transfer. A three-dimensional CFD model was developed to investigate the cooling capacity and heat transfer coefficient of the CRCPs installed inside a single enclosed room. Panel structure was determined based on four dependent parameters: the panel curvature width (L, m), the panel curvature radius (r, m), the void distance (d, m) between each panel or panel segment, and the panel coverage area (Ac, m2). The panel surface area (As, m2) and the ratio of panel curvature width to radius (L/r) were also examined. A total of 35 designs were compared under 7 different cooling load conditions, and 245 cases were carried out. The results show that the nominal cooling capacity and heat transfer coeffi... [more]

The need to reduce energy consumption in greenhouse production has grown. Thermal heating demand alone accounts for 80% of conventional greenhouse energy consumption; this significantly reduces production profit. Since microclimate affects crop metabolic processes and output, it is essential to monitor and control it to achieve both quantity and quality production with minimum energy consumption for maximum profit. The Internet of Things (IoT) is an evolving technology for monitoring and controlling environments that have recently been adopted to boost greenhouse efficiency in many applications by integrating hardware and software solutions; therefore, its adoption is thus critical in enabling greenhouse energy consumption minimisation. The first objective of this study is to improve and validate a greenhouse dynamic air temperature model required to simulate or predict indoor temperature. To achieve the first objective, therefore, an existing model was enhanced and a closed loop test... [more]

Currently, 90% of Kazakhstan’s oil is situated in 15 oil and gas fields where simple cycle gas turbines are utilized for electricity generation. The need for developing techniques to enhance the efficiency and eco-friendliness of fuel consumption in Kazakhstan’s oil fields is imperative. In this article, methods for improving the energy efficiency of a simple gas turbine power plant functioning in an oil field are discussed, with consideration given to the impact of ambient temperature and specific environmental constraints, such as water scarcity and high temperatures. Two schemes to increase efficiency are evaluated: the first involves the utilization of a waste heat boiler for steam production intended for technological purposes, while the second involves electricity generation through a combination of a waste heat boiler and a steam turbine. Models based on Aspen HYSYS were formulated, with actual gas turbine power plant operation taken into account. Analysis indicated that a waste... [more]

The phenomenon of pipeline erosion dominated by sulfur particles has become a key research target for sulfur-containing gas-gathering pipelines. Gas-solid two-phase flow of sulfur-containing gases is simulated with a coupled CFD-DPM model in this paper. The Realizable k-ε turbulence model was used to determine the changes in the complex flow field and the Euler-Lagrange method was used to describe the specific trajectory of sulfur particles in the complex flow field. The main erosion trace distribution and the effect of secondary flow effects at the elbow were analyzed and the erosion distribution pattern was investigated for different curvature ratios, particle sizes, and pipe diameters. The results show that the formation of erosion along the tip of the V-shaped erosion trace on the outlet sidewall of the elbow may be related to secondary flow effects. The increase of the curvature ratio RD reduces the erosion intensity of the maximum erosion area, but subsequent increase will result... [more]