Generation of realistic scenarios is an important prerequisite for analyzing the reliability of renewable-rich power systems. This paper satisfies this need by presenting an end-to-end model-free approach for creating representative power system scenarios on a seasonal basis. A conditional recurrent generative adversarial network serves as the main engine for scenario generation. Compared to prior scenario generation models that treated the variables independently or focused on short-term forecasting, the proposed implicit generative model effectively captures the cross-correlations that exist between the variables considering long-term planning. The validity of the scenarios generated using the proposed approach is demonstrated through extensive statistical evaluation and investigation of end-application results. It is shown that analysis of abnormal scenarios, which is more critical for power system resource planning, benefits the most from cross-correlated scenario generation.

This paper presents a practical usability investigation of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to determine the best-suited machine learning method for estimating electric vehicle (EV) batteries’ state of charge. Using models from multiple published sources and cross-validation testing with several driving scenarios to determine the state of charge of lithium-ion batteries, we assessed their accuracy and drawbacks. Five models were selected from various published state-of-charge estimation models, based on cell types with GRU or LSTM, and optimisers such as stochastic gradient descent, Adam, Nadam, AdaMax, and Robust Adam, with extensions via momentum calculus or an attention layer. Each method was examined by applying training techniques such as a learning rate scheduler or rollback recovery to speed up the fitting, highlighting the implementation specifics. All this was carried out using the TensorFlow framework, and the implementation was performed as closely to the published sources a... [more]

Energy is one of the most important aspects of urban development and technological advancements. As its production and consumption are connected to several environmental, social, and economic issues covering all three sustainability pillars, strategic and targeted energy planning is vital to the smooth transition towards a more efficient and greener society. In accordance with the specific priorities of every state, sustainable energy planning should also satisfy the international trends, requirements, and targets, including the global commitments for sustainable development. As of this time, energy transition with further deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency improvement are the priorities for a sustainable future. However, due to recent global events, a new situation has been established. The COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing war in Ukraine have caused new circumstances challenging the recognized approaches for an effective sustainable energy strategy. While the global... [more]

In order to better understand the complex pooling and vaporization of a liquid hydrogen spill, Sandia National Laboratories is conducting a highly instrumented, controlled experiment inside their Shock Tube Facility. Simulations were run before the experiment to help with the planning of experimental conditions, including sensor placement and cross wind velocity. This paper describes the modeling used in this planning process and its main conclusions. Sierra Suite’s Fuego, an in-house computational fluid dynamics code, was used to simulate a RANS model of a liquid hydrogen spill with five crosswind velocities: 0.45, 0.89, 1.34, 1.79, and 2.24 m/s. Two pool sizes were considered: a diameter of 0.85 m and a diameter of 1.7. A grid resolution study was completed on the smaller pool size with a 1.34 m/s crosswind. A comparison of the length and height of the plume of flammable hydrogen vaporizing from the pool shows that the plume becomes longer and remains closer to the ground with increa... [more]

One of the biggest issues impeding a country’s progress is the lack of power. To overcome this issue, hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) play an important role. Due to rising consumption and diminishing resources globally, sustainability has recently attracted more attention. Bangladesh has access to renewable energy sources, including solar, micro-hydro, biomass, wind, and others. The objective of this research is to minimize the net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE), and CO2 emissions of the suggested electricity network using the Hybrid Optimization Model for Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) Pro Software. This investigation explores the possible use of a hybridized energy system (i.e., solar, wind, and diesel) with battery storage in Bangladesh’s northern area. Utilizing HOMER Pro software, an optimal grid-connected system is chosen after evaluating the techno-economic viability of several configuration options. For the Rangpur metropolitan region, seven distinct grid-co... [more]

The paper deals with finding power system nodes where reactive powers have the greatest influence on system voltages. The problem to be solved is important in reactive power planning. Its proper solution indicates in which nodes new sources of reactive power should be installed in order to achieve the assumed goals in the aforementioned planning. So far, the problem formulated earlier has not been satisfactorily resolved. The paper presents an original method, which, based on the entire history of the system operation states, allows a solution to the problem mentioned above to be found. The proposed method assumes the use of measurement data of nodal-voltage magnitudes and nodal reactive power. Correlational relationships between the above-mentioned quantities are investigated. The paper shows that the considered correlational relationships are not linear. In this situation, Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient is used to evaluate the strength of these correlational relationships. An... [more]

The global economy is moving into a new era characterized by digital and green development. To examine the impact of digital industrialization development on the energy supply chain, in relation to the sustainable development of China’s energy security, we discuss the nonlinear impact and transmission mechanism of digital industrialization on the supply chain of the energy industry using a panel threshold regression model based on sample data on the development of the provincial natural gas industry in China from 2006 to 2020. We found that there are multiple threshold effects of digital industrialization level development on energy supply chain length, and the results are statistically significant, i.e., digital industrialization development positively contributes to natural gas supply chain length after digital industrialization is raised to or crosses the critical threshold. Meanwhile, the heterogeneity analysis results show that there are differences in the impact of digital indust... [more]

With the advancement of electric mobility, critical materials that are used in the batteries and electronic equipment of electric vehicles tend to become scarce. This work aims to analyse the state-of-art of the electric vehicle supply chain through bibliometric and systematic reviews, using quantitative and qualitative indicators, to find critical points that represent risks to the supply chain and that should be focused on and to identify trends for further studies. The bibliometric review was carried out with the support of the Bibliometrix software. The systematic review was performed using the PRISMA method. The bibliometric analysis showed the importance of the costs associated with electric vehicles, as well as trends in studies related to sustainability and transparency in the supply chain. Although risk management in the supply chain appears to be relatively little studied when considering the authors’ keyword analysis, the systematic review showed that this process was the mo... [more]

To address the problems of grid connection and power dispatching caused by non-stationary wind power output, an improved Jellyfish Search algorithm optimization support vector regression (IJS-SVR) model was proposed in this study to achieve high-precision wind power prediction. The random selection of internal parameters of SVR model will affect its performance. In this study, the Jellyfish Search (JS) algorithm was selected and improved to propose an Improved Jellyfish Search (IJS) algorithm. Compared with the comparative algorithms, the optimized values of IJS algorithm are closer to 0. It exhibits good convergence ability, search stability, and optimization-seeking ability, as well as being more suitable for solving optimization problems. Therefore, IJS was used to optimize SVR, and the prediction model of IJS-SVR was established. Different weather and seasons affect wind power and model prediction accuracy. The wind power in spring and winter was selected for model prediction verif... [more]

The work proposes a technique to improve the infrastructure and energy resilience of new developments during the planning stage. Several resilience-related parameters are developed in this paper that can be used to quantify resilience. To apply these parameters, the work assumes various energy outage scenarios varying from less than 24 h to 3 weeks. During these scenarios, a neighborhood population can be relocated to several public buildings promoting better utilization of onsite energy resources. The technique is applied to four representative neighborhoods encompassing various sustainability measures including clean energy. Further, this paper demonstrates an urban scale improvement technique for greater energy and infrastructure resilience. The results indicate a significant improvement in infrastructure resilience by relocating public shelter buildings on the main street intersections so that these can be easily accessible during energy outages or disaster events. Energy resilienc... [more]

Although aviation is considered the safest mode of transportation, the annual number of pilots blinded by laser light cannot be understated. An analysis of the available statistics indicates that it is a widespread phenomenon. The stories told by the pilots show the consequences of these incidents, ranging from temporary sight loss to months of vision problems. The article also describes the current penalties for dazzling a pilot by laser light. Moreover, limited research has been conducted on the intensity of laser light of different wavelengths passing through the fairing and through standard glasses used by pilots. Understanding the effects of laser glare on pilots can help reduce adverse events and improve the ability of safety managers to develop safety procedures. Correctly designed transport systems enable effective route planning and order processing. Methods: Two types of easily available laser pointers, drawn at different distances from the aircraft, were analyzed and the int... [more]

Roadway excavation is the leading project in coal mining, and the cantilever roadheader is the main equipment in roadway excavation. Autonomous cutting by cantilever roadheaders is the key to realize safe, efficient and intelligent tunneling for underground roadways. In this paper, the working device of a cantilever roadheader was simplified into a series of translation or rotation joints, and the spatial pose model and spatial pose coordinate system of the roadheader were established. Using the homogeneous transformation matrix and the robot-related theory, the space pose transformation matrix of the roadheader and the space pose equation of the cutting head of the roadheader were derived. The forward kinematics and inverse kinematics of the cutting head were solved by using the D-H parameter method and an inverse transformation method. The location coordinates of the inflection point of the cutting process path for a rectangular roadway were determined, and cutting path planning and... [more]

In the face of increasing climate concerns and the intensive development of the renewable energy sector, oil and gas companies need to develop strategies to not only comply with the new rules of the game, but to also benefit from them. This study includes prospects for development of the global energy system along with analysis of decarbonization strategies for the largest players in the oil and gas market, and defines conceptual directions to improve strategic planning systems of oil and gas companies in order to ensure sustainability in the context of a global energy transition. The theoretical background of this study is based on the fundamental concepts and methods of strategic planning, as well as modern approaches to strategic planning in the oil and gas industry. This study makes three contributions. First, we maintain that a broad, systematic understanding of the consequences of energy system transformation and defining its role in the new market should be the crucial task of p... [more]

The main subject of research involves the characteristics and assessment of the already ongoing process of maritime shipping radical decarbonization. There were identified and analyzed international legal and administrative regulatory measures as well as a package of technical, technological, operational and economic solutions, including the possibility of choosing alternative low-emission fuels that are necessary to achieve the already set targets by 2050. This research aimed to indicate and assess the most promising types of measure which are to be applied to achieve the required reduction of CO2 emissions in global shipping as well as developing a potential roadmap leading to their implementation. In the conducted research work, mainly qualitative analyses were applied, i.e., factor analysis (FA), comparative analysis (CA), and a series of consultations with representatives of the maritime industry were carried out, following the procedure typical for the Delphi technique. The main... [more]

Electric vehicle (EV) charging may impose a substantial power demand on existing low voltage (LV) and medium voltage (MV) networks, which are usually not prepared for high power demands in short time intervals. The influx of E-mobility may require an increase in grid reinforcements, but these can be reduced and optimized by a combination of new technologies, tools, and strategies, such as the deployment of solar PV generation integrated with aggregated energy storage systems. One of the challenges in the implementation of charging infrastructures in public stations is coupling the projected sizes of energy demand and power requirements in each location for each charger. This paper describes a method to estimate projected values for energy consumption and power demand in EV fast charging stations (CS). The proposed ideas were applied in a concept facility located in Campinas, Brazil, in a structure equipped with two 50 kW DC Fast Chargers, local 12.5 kW/13.2 kWp PV generation (to reduce... [more]

The increase in the share of renewable energy in the power generation mix plays a pivotal role in the decarbonisation of power systems, thus facilitating the achievement of international and national targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and addressing climate change. Due to the intermittent nature of variable renewable energy, the integration of these sources in power systems requires investments in additional solutions and setting strategies to ensure grid stability and reliability. For that purpose, a prospective modelling was applied to the relatively isolated island named Procida, located in the gulf of Naples in Italy, through the bottom-up optimization model TIMES-Procida for a long-term energy plan where technical solutions, i.e., deployment of photovoltaics on rooftops and storage, and policy scenarios, i.e., energy efficiency, were used to analyse the evolution of the energy system. The introduction of renewable energy could be much more relevant when dealing with isl... [more]

This work presents a model for determining the availability of continuous systems at open pits by applying fuzzy logic and fuzzy inference systems. The applied model was formed by the synthesis of independent partial indicators of availability. The model is based on an expert system for assessing the availability of continuous mining systems. The availability of the system, as a complex state parameter, is decomposed into the partial indicators, reliability, and convenience of maintenance, and the fuzzy compositions, used for integration the partial indicators, are the max−min and min−max compositions. The advantage of this model in comparison to the conventional models is that it takes into account the effect of practical indicators of availability, does not require long-term monitoring, and records necessary to determine the time picture of the system state. This model for determining the availability has a role to help responsible persons at open pits in the planning and control of... [more]

Renewable energy sources (RES) generation has huge environmental and social benefits, as a clean energy source with great potential. However, the difference in the uncertainty characteristics of RES and electric−thermal loads poses a significant challenge to the optimal schedule of an integrated energy system (IES). Therefore, for the different characteristics of the multiple uncertainties of IES, this paper proposes a type-II fuzzy interval chance-constrained programming (T2FICCP)-based optimization model to solve the above problem. In this model, type-II fuzzy sets are used to describe the uncertainty of RES in an IES, and interval numbers are used to describe the load uncertainty, thus constructing a T2FICCP-based IES day-ahead economic scheduling model. The model was resolved with a hybrid algorithm based on interval linear programming and T2FICCP. The simulations are conducted for a total of 20 randomly selected days to obtain the advance operation plan of each unit and the operat... [more]

This paper proposes a smart system for managing the operations of grid-connected charging stations for electric vehicles (EV) that use photovoltaic (PV) sources. This system consists of a mobile application for EV drivers to make charging reservations, an algorithm to optimize the charging schedule, and a remote execution module of charging operations based on the open charge point protocol (OCPP). The optimal charging schedule was obtained by solving a binary integer programming problem. The merits of our solution are illustrated by simulating different charging demand scenarios.

This paper develops and analyzes four energy scenarios for Colombia that consider the El Niño phenomenon and the inclusion of renewable energies in the energy generation matrix for the period 2020−2035. A comparative analysis is presented between the results of the different scenarios proposed. The most relevant finding is the use of the reserve margin as an indicator of system reliability. A scenario which included 7214 MW of large-scale non-conventional renewable energy, 10,000 MW of distributed generation, and 12,240 MW of hydroelectric power was assumed, with a reserve margin of over 50%. Additionally, it was found that for the scenarios in which a generation capacity with non-conventional renewable energies of less than 10,000 MW in 2034 was assumed, the reserve margin of the system in the seasons of the El Niño phenomenon will be less than historical records of the system. Alternatively, it was found that the scenarios in which the inclusion of at least 9600 MW of the electric po... [more]

Recent economic anomalies, including the unprecedented lockdown generated by the COVID-19 crisis, have demonstrated that the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) remains an actual topic in the financial literature and in practice. Companies operate in an increasingly volatile environment, due to twin transitions and interlinked crises, and so they must have specific tools for measuring risk and profitability, in order to enable them to have a sound financial policy. Based on the earlier results obtained by Modigliani and Miller (1963), Harris and Pringle (1985), and Farber, Gillet, and Szafarz (2006), this study shows the relationship between WACC and interest rate. It offers a modified WACC formula that considers unstable market circumstances. The new redefined WACC can be a valuable tool in business planning for companies from different fields. The companies in the energy sector are very interested in the topic of WACC, considering not only the complex nature of the investments ma... [more]

The direct release of energy from the groundwater under the building of the Sobieski Family Palace in Lublin, Poland, and the obtainment of heat and cooling energy for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning systems (HVAC) provide an opportunity to reduce electricity and heat consumption and to limit CO2 emissions by 15−50%. The upgrade to the Sobieski Family Palace and the addition of new educational and administrative functions require state-of-the-art, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly solutions such as Fuel Cells and Hydrogen for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (FCH HVAC) systems. As part of the program “Research for high-quality air in architecture and urban studies,” carried out since 2018 at the Institute of Architecture Planning, Department of Contemporary Architecture, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture of the Lublin University of Technology, in 2021, further research was carried out in order to prepare for the potential implementation in 202... [more]

Dynamic inductive charging is a contact-free technology to provide electric vehicles with energy while they are in motion, thus eliminating the need to conductively charge the batteries of those vehicles and, hence, the required vehicle downtimes. Airport aprons of commercial airports are potential systems to employ this charging technology to reduce aviation-induced CO2 emissions. To date, many vehicles operating on airport aprons are equipped with internal combustion engines burning diesel fuel, hence contributing to CO2 emissions and the global warming problem. However, airport aprons exhibit specific features that might make dynamic inductive charging technologies particularly interesting. It turns out that using this technology leads to some strategic infrastructure design questions for airport aprons about the spatial allocation of the required system components. In this paper, we experimentally analyze these design questions to explore under which conditions we can expect the re... [more]

In order to mitigate the negative effects of global climate change, the Chinese government has committed to achieving peak carbon emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. Since municipal cities are the bottom administrative level for drawing up development plans, it is necessary and important to conduct decarbonization pathway research on municipal energy systems (MESs). However, there is little research on decarbonization at the municipal level, and the impact of development paths in each forecast scenario is mostly based on expert evaluation and qualitative assessment. Therefore, this study established a complete decarbonization framework for MESs, including general research procedures, models, and a sustainable evaluation method. The models of energy consumption and carbon emission were adapted and improved for MESs. In order to quantitatively evaluate the energy system development for each scenario, we proposed an energy−economy−environment−security (3E−S) evaluation method... [more]

Indonesia is currently undergoing the energy transition from heavily fossil fuel-dependent energy to cleaner sources of energy in order to achieve its net-zero emissions by 2060. In addition to reducing fossil fuel dependency, as one of the countries with the most geothermal reserves, the optimization of geothermal energy in Indonesia could be key to facilitating the energy transition. The objective of this paper is to elaborate on the transition process, which incorporates the destabilization of fossil fuel and the growth of geothermal energy, by analyzing the impact of both exogenous and endogenous factors on the supply chain structures of both sectors. This study employs workshop involving geothermal stakeholders in Indonesia, combined with the application of the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) framework as the theoretical lens. The study found that energy demand, environmental awareness, energy regulations, energy supply chain, and geothermal potential breakthroughs are important asp... [more]