In recent years, with the rapid development of salt cavern gas storage reservoir construction in China, the characteristics of salt rock reservoirs with strong non-homogeneity and many interlayers have brought challenges to the dynamic prediction of water solution cavity construction. Aiming to solve this problem, this paper constructs a three-dimensional non-homogeneous salt cavern reservoir water-soluble cavity building prediction model, which takes into full consideration the non-homogeneity of salt rock reservoirs, interlayers, reservoir temperatures, and water injection process parameters, among other factors. By comparing the calculation results of the software compiled by the model with those of other numerical simulation software, we show that the model can accurately reflect the influence of geological parameters on the cavity morphology under the condition of non-uniform geological parameters, with higher simulation accuracy, and ultimately analyze individual examples. It can... [more]

Maximizing the yield of bioactive molecules extracted from plant materials requires the investigation of extraction process variables; therefore, in this research, a traditional aqueous solid−liquid extraction method was employed on two distinct grape pomace skin samples. The grape skin pomace represents a potentially valuable source of biologically active compounds, particularly polyphenols. Experiment 1 utilized ground grape pomace skin, whereas experiment 2 utilized grape pomace skin that had been both dried and ground beforehand. Employing a Box−Benkhen experimental design and response surface modeling in the Statistica 14.0 software package, this study evaluated the impact of temperature, extraction time, solid-to-liquid ratio (S/L), and mixing speed on extraction efficiency. The extracted compounds were assessed for both physical properties (conductivity, total dissolved solids, and pH) and chemical properties (total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity using 2,2-Diphenyl-... [more]

An ARM Cortex simulation system for collaborative welding robots is presented in this paper. The components of the ARM Cortex SoC for embedded robot control, an OpenGL ES with image rendering, and a 3D geometry engine OpenCasCade for modeling are integrated for the purposes of simulating system self-controllability and cost effectiveness. This simulation of a collaborative welding robot achieved convenience while meeting the performance requirements; meanwhile, the auxiliary design was able to mark the trajectory of the robot’s end effector and reveal the collaborative robot’s inverse kinematic parameters, namely the position and Euler angle. An ARM Linux X11 Window environment that was set to create a 3D simulation rendering algorithm was built simultaneously. Then, the STEP model of the robot was loaded by using the OpenCasCade functionality. After that, the robot model and complex spline surface could be visualized by using the Qt QGLWidget. Finally, the correctness of the kinematic... [more]

Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are receiving more and more attention as they involve simple design, cope better with turbulence, and are insensitive to wind direction, which has a huge impact on their cost since a yaw mechanism is not needed. However, VAWTs still suffer from low conversion efficiency. As a result, tremendous efforts are being exerted to improve their efficiency, which mainly focus on two methods, regardless of whether the study is a CFD simulation, a field test, or a lab test experiment. An active approach involves modification of the rotor itself, such as the blade design, the angle, the trailing and leading edges, the inner blades, the chord thickness, the contra-rotating rotor, etc., while the second approach involves passive techniques where the flow is directed to optimally face the downwind rotor by mounting guiding vanes such as a diffuser or other shapes at the upwind position of the rotor. Among all the techniques undertaken, the counter-rotating wind tur... [more]

In order to explore the wind load characteristics acting on solar photovoltaic panels under extreme severe weather conditions, based on the Shear Stress Transport (SST) κ-ω turbulence model, numerical calculations of three-dimensional incompressible viscous steady flow were performed for four installation angles and two extreme wind directions of the solar photovoltaic panels. The wind load characteristics on both sides of the photovoltaic panels were obtained, and the vortex structure characteristics were analyzed using the Q criterion. The results indicate that, under different installation angles, the windward side pressure of the solar photovoltaic panel is generally higher than the leeward side. The leeward side is prone to forming larger vortices, increasing the fatigue and damage risk of the material, which significantly impacts the solar photovoltaic panel. As the installation angle increases, the windward side pressure of the solar photovoltaic panel also gradually increases.... [more]

The additive manufacturing (AM) field is rapidly expanding, attracting significant scientific attention. This family of processes will be widely used in the evolution of Industry 4.0, particularly in the production of customized components. However, as the complexity and variability of additive manufacturing processes increase, there is an increasing need for advanced techniques to ensure quality control, optimize performance, and reduce production costs. Multiple tests are required to optimize processing variables for specific equipment and processes, to achieve optimum processing conditions. The application of digital twins (DTs) has significantly enhanced the field of additive manufacturing. A digital twin, abbreviated as DT, refers to a computer-generated model that accurately depicts a real-world object, system, or process. A DT comprises the complete additive manufacturing process, from the initial conception phase to the final manufacturing phase. It enables the manufacturing pr... [more]

Severe blockages of tunnel drainage systems greatly affect the lining structure of the tunnels, thus jeopardizing their stability and safety. In order to study the blockages of tunnel drainage pipes, the flow rate of a calcium carbonate crystal tunnel was measured in the mountainous area of Southwest China. According to the actual flow velocity results, numerical simulation was combined with finite element software (ANSYS Fluent). This analyzed the calcium carbonate crystallization near the interface of the tunnel drainage pipe. The results are as follows: (1) for both the Y-shaped three-way pipe and the T-shaped pipe, the values of maximum water velocity are similar but occur at different locations. At the interface of the transverse drainage pipes, flow velocity is the highest; (2) at the three-way joint segment, the water that flows in the longitudinal drainage blind tube is influenced by the water coming from the annular drainage blind tube. At the interface of the transverse drain... [more]

The bubbling flow plays a key role in gas−liquid−solid fluidized beds. To understand the intrinsic fluidization behaviors at the discrete bubble and particle scale, coupled simulations with the volume of fluid model and the discrete element method are performed to investigate the effects of the gas inlet velocity, particle properties and two-orifice bubbling flow on particle fluidization. Three-dimensional simulations are carried out to accurately capture the dynamic changes in the bubble shape and trajectory. A bubbling flow with a closely packed bed is simulated to study the onset of particle fluidization. The obvious phenomena of particle fluidization are presented by both the experiment and simulation. Although an increasing gas inlet velocity promotes particle fluidization, the good fluidization of particles cannot be achieved solely by increasing the gas inlet velocity. When the channel is packed with more particles, the bubbles take a longer time to pass through the higher parti... [more]

This study examined the multi-phase flow field for a single object and two parallel/series objects under different incoming angles of lateral flow. The volume of fluid model, the Sauer−Schnerr cavitation model, and the six degrees of freedom (DOF) method were adopted to consider simulations of multi-phase flow, phase change, and object movement, respectively. The results show that, for a single object, the degree of asymmetry in the cavity profile depends on the component (the z-component) of the lateral inflow velocity in the direction perpendicular to the initial velocity of the object. As this component increases, the asymmetry of the cavity increases. The cavity length is related to the relative axial speed between the object and the water. For parallel objects, the cavity asymmetry is determined by the superimposed influence of the z-component of the lateral incoming speed and the high-pressure zone induced by the nearby object. The object located downstream relative to the latera... [more]

In inertial confinement fusion, the sub-atmospheric purging through microcapillaries is of great importance to the high gas purity inside the cryogenic target and the low failure rate of experiments. In this study, a non-continuous flow model is developed for this sub-atmospheric purging process and verified through National Ignition Facility experiments to study the evolution of parameters such as pressure and gas composition that are not possible to measure directly. The effects of microcapillary structures and sizes on the transient evacuation−filling behaviors are analyzed, and the periodic purging scheme is optimized. The results show that the extension of evacuation and filling time caused by the elongated microtube can be described as a linear function of microtube length or an exponential decay function of microtube diameter, and the change of the inner diameter has a more drastic effect. The conical-straight composite can effectively reduce the evacuation and filling time whil... [more]

Drug-resistant Morganella morganii, a rod-shaped, Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacillus belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, is a growing worldwide health concern due to its association with high morbidity and mortality rates. Recent advancements in machine learning, particularly Alphafold 2’s protein structure prediction using local physics and pattern recognition, have aided research efforts. This study focuses on the enzymatic activity of aminoglycoside N6′-acetyltransferase (aacA7), a critical transferase enzyme in bacteria that confers resistance to aminoglycosides. AacA7 modifies aminoglycoside molecules by catalyzing the acetylation of their 6′-amino group using acetyl-CoA, rendering antibiotics like kanamycin, neomycin, tobramycin, and amikacin inactive. We propose that Doripenem and OncoglabrinolC can interact with aacA7, potentially modifying its enzymatic activity. Molecular docking analysis of aacA7 with 22 drug targets revealed OncoglabrinolC as the most p... [more]

Wireline formation testing is an important technique in the exploration and development of oil fields. Not only can real fluid samples be prepared from the formation directly obtained to know exactly whether the oil existed in the formation or not, but it can also show flowing pressure change to determine the production capacity of the formation. So, it is an important measurement method for formation evaluation during the drilling process and supports activities related to the exploration and development of oil fields. A numerical simulation model in this article is researched and established based on the finite volume method considering the influence of sensitive parameters such as reservoir heterogeneity, probe suction area, and mud-filtrate invasion depth during the drilling. The model is capable of designing and evaluating formation fluid sampling operations by calculating hydrocarbon content and flowing pressure. Furthermore, through case application, the performance and effect o... [more]

Despite the considerable advances that industrial manufacturing has undergone as a result of digitalization, the real-time monitoring of assembly processes continues to present a significant technical challenge. This article presents a solution to this problem by integrating digital twin technology with radio frequency identification (RFID) in order to improve the monitoring and optimization of assembly processes. The objective of this research is to develop a methodology that ensures synchronized data exchange between physical components and their digital counterparts using RFID for improved visibility and accuracy. The methodology entails the configuration of radio frequency identification systems to track the positions of products on conveyor belts, thereby facilitating real-time monitoring and the prompt detection of any deviations. This integration enhances remote monitoring capabilities and markedly optimizes assembly processes in comparison to traditional methods. The research f... [more]

A steam jet mill (SJM), which employs industrial waste heat steam as a gas source, is a widely utilized apparatus for the pulverization of fly ash. To achieve elevated single-machine grinding capacity, efficiency improvement research based on structural optimization should be conducted. In this study, numerical simulations and industrial experiments are carried out on SJMs equipped with three and six nozzles (hereinafter referred to as N3 and N6, respectively) to study the influence of nozzle quantity on the flow field and grinding efficiency. The numerical simulation results indicate that, under the N3 structure, particles can achieve a higher impact velocity in the comminution area and improve the kinetic energy of a single impact. In the conveying area, the airflow diffusion is better, resulting in an upward flow field that is more uniform. The classification area shows an increase in the uniformity of the flow field and a significant reduction in the local vortex structure, which i... [more]

In recent years, the use of dry gas seal technology in high-end industrial applications has become increasingly widespread. Existing research has primarily focused on unidirectional grooves. This study introduces an innovative approach by incorporating bidirectional grooves inspired by the biomimetic design of a carp tail, aiming to enhance sealing performance. The analysis of flow-field characteristics was conducted using Fluent software to evaluate the effect of different groove designs on sealing efficacy. The results indicate that curved grooves are more effective in directing gas flow and reducing fluid dynamic losses, thus improving the overall sealing efficiency. In particular, the outer-curved carp-tail groove exhibited superior dynamic pressure effects and reduced pressure drops across various operating conditions. The optimal radial dam-to-groove width ratio ranged from 3.8 to 4.1, and the optimal groove depth ranged from 6.5 to 9.6 μm. This investigation focused on the desig... [more]

The material constitutive equation of 25CrMo4 steel was established through an isothermal compression experiment. First, a thermal compression experiment was carried out with a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator to study the thermoplastic deformation behaviour of 25CrMo4 steel at various temperatures (850, 950, 1050, and 1150 °C) and strain rates (0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 s−1). The measured true stress−strain curve showed that when the temperature is constant, the flow stress increases with the strain rate, whereas when the strain rate is constant, the flow stress decreases with the temperature. Then, the constitutive model of peak stress of 25CrMo4 was established after analyzing the stress and strain statistics. The model parameters were optimized. The accuracy of the flow stress constitutive model was verified by comparing the flow stress prediction model with the experimental results. The hot forging process of the inner core wheel was numerically simulated based on DEFORM-3D v11 softwar... [more]

Beam pumping units play a key role in oil extraction. There is an increasing demand for optimal oil-extracting performance as operational environments are becoming more challenging and complex. Therefore, it is vital to create an acceptable mathematical model and develop robust control mechanisms. In the past decades, researchers have achieved fruitful results regarding modeling and control methods in this field. This article provides a comprehensive review of the research on modeling and control methods for beam pumping units, including mathematical models based on differential equations and boundary conditions, as well as the control strategies designed. Finally, future perspectives and recommendations are presented.

Alzheimer’s disease, characterized by a decline in cognitive functions, is frequently associated with decreased levels of acetylcholine due to the overactivity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Inhibiting AChE has been a key therapeutic strategy in treating Alzheimer’s disease, yet the search for effective inhibitors, particularly from natural sources, continues due to their potential for fewer side effects. In this context, three new alkaloids—oleracone L, portulacatone B, and portulacatal—extracted from Portulaca oleracea L., have recently shown promising anticholinesterase activity in vitro. However, no experimental or computational studies have yet explored their binding potential. This study represents the first comprehensive in silico analysis of these compounds, employing ADME prediction, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and MM-PBSA calculations to assess their therapeutic potential. The drug-likeness was evaluated based on Lipinski, Pfizer, Golden Triangle, and... [more]

There is a fundamental issue in the launching system with the modular charge technology, which is an unsteady gas−solid flow in the sequence-change space within a short period of time. It leads to complex particle behavior, causing the strong pulsation of particle energy released during the combustion process. As a result, a large initial pressure wave is generated, which damages the launching stability. In this work, a 3D gas−solid flow model is developed based on the computational fluid dynamics−discrete element method (CFD-DEM) model to analyze the particle behavior in the launching system with different numbers of modules. The rationality of the model is verified through the experiment. It is found that the particles near the cover of the rightmost module move out of the module rapidly and collide with the right face of the chamber, forming a retained particle layer. When particles are stationary, the distribution of particles consists of slope accumulations and horizontal accumula... [more]

Geothermal energy, recognized as a clean energy source, has attracted widespread attention for its extraction. However, it is located in deep and complex geological formations, presenting a significant challenge to the drilling operations of existing Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) drill bits. To further understand the rock-breaking mechanism of PDC cutters in deep geological formations and improve rock-breaking efficiency, a finite element model employing the cohesive zone method was developed for a saddle-shaped PDC cutter (SC). This model was validated against experimental simulations, proving its capability to capture real rock crack initiation during the simulation process accurately. By analyzing the formation of cracks under cutting forces, the SC’s rock-breaking mechanism was explored and compared with conventional cutters (CCs), clarifying its advantages. Additionally, the model analyzed the effects of different confined pressures, back rake angles, and structural parame... [more]

The control of spoilage yeasts in wines is crucial to avoid organoleptic deviations in wine production. Traditionally, sulfur dioxide (SO2) was used to control them; nevertheless, SO2 influence on human health and its use is criticized. Biocontrol emerges as an alternative in wine pre-fermentation, but there is limited development in its applicability. Managing kinetics is relevant in the microbial interaction process. pH was identified as a factor affecting the interaction kinetics of Wickerhamomyces anomalus killer biocontrol on Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. Mathematical modeling allows insight into offline parameters and the influence of physicochemical factors in the environment. Incorporating submodels that explain manipulable factors (pH), the process can be optimized to achieve the best-desired outcomes. The aim of this study was to model and optimize, using a constant and a variable pH profile, the interaction of killer biocontrol W. anomalus vs. Z. rouxii to reduce the spoilage po... [more]

The homogeneous acid etching of conventional acid in porous heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs leads to a large amount of consumption in the near-wellbore area, which makes the acidification effect often not ideal. In order to improve the acidizing effect of porous heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs, viscous acid is used to increase the stimulation of the target block in this paper. Through systematic experiments, the adaptability of the viscous acid in the four layers of the M reservoir in the target block was evaluated, and the MD and ME layers suitable for acidizing stimulation were determined in combination with physical property analysis. Finally, based on the geological characteristics and experimental data of the preferred layers, a two-scale acid wormhole growth radial model was established, and the construction parameters of acidizing stimulation were optimized. The results show that (1) The preferred viscous acid system has a dissolution rate of more than 95% for the rock pow... [more]

This study aimed to analyze and optimize the thermal induction hardening process applied to toothed transmission gears, focusing on thermal aspects, structural deformation, and topology optimization, while exploring the feasibility of various materials and operating conditions. The research simulated thermal and deformation behavior using a computer model, comparing results with experimental data through the Ansys® platform 2022 R1. The methodology encompassed thermal and deformation analyses, topology optimization to identify removable regions without compromising part integrity, and a sensitivity study to evaluate the different materials and operating conditions. This study validates the precision of computational models in predicting thermal and deformation behavior in toothed gears under thermal induction hardening, introducing topology optimizations and alternative materials, and providing novel perspectives for the more efficient and cost-effective manufacturing of these componen... [more]

Physicochemical properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are essential in solvent screening and process design. However, due to their vast diversity, acquiring IL properties through experimentation alone is both time-consuming and costly. For this reason, the creation of prediction models that can accurately forecast the characteristics of IL and its mixtures is crucial to their application. This study proposes a model for predicting the three important parameters of the IL-organic solvent−organic solvent ternary system: density, viscosity, and heat capacity. The model incorporates group contribution (GC) and machine learning (ML) methods. A link between variables such as temperature, pressure, and molecular structure is established by the model. We gathered 2775 viscosity, 6515 density, and 1057 heat capacity data points to compare the prediction accuracy of three machine learning methods, namely, artificial neural networks (ANNs), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and light gradient boos... [more]

To overcome the challenges of feature selection in traditional machine learning and enhance the accuracy of deep learning methods for anomaly traffic detection, we propose a novel method called DCGCANet. This model integrates dilated convolution, a GRU, and a Channel Attention Network, effectively combining dilated convolutional structures with GRUs to extract both temporal and spatial features for identifying anomalous patterns in network traffic. The one-dimensional dilated convolution (DC-1D) structure is designed to expand the receptive field, allowing for comprehensive traffic feature extraction while minimizing information loss typically caused by pooling operations. The DC structure captures spatial dependencies in the data, while the GRU processes time series data to capture dynamic traffic changes. Furthermore, the channel attention (CA) module assigns importance-based weights to features in different channels, enhancing the model’s representational capacity and improving its... [more]