This paper focuses on improving the operating efficiency of the Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) submerged pump system in the LNG receiving terminals and achieve energy saving. The minimum input energy consumption of the LNG submerged pump system is taken as the objective function, and an optimization model for the operation of the LNG submerged pump system with variable frequency speed is established. LINGO18.0 optimization software is used to solve the model to get the optimal LNG submerged pump operation plan that satisfies the constraints. Taking a certain LNG receiving terminal as an example, the operation optimization of its LNG submerged pump system is carried out, and the input energy consumption of the system before and after optimization is compared. The results show that the use of variable frequency pumps can reduce the energy consumption of the LNG submerged pump system of LNG receiving terminals, and the optimization model can reduce the input power consumption of the system b... [more]

The integration of pipeline energy storage in the control of a district heating system can lead to profit gain, for example by adjusting the electricity production of a combined heat and power (CHP) unit to the fluctuating electricity price. The uncertainty from the environment, the computational complexity of an accurate model, and the scarcity of placed sensors in a district heating system make the operational use of pipeline energy storage challenging. A vast majority of previous works determined a control strategy by a decomposition of a mixed-integer nonlinear model and significant simplifications. To mitigate consequential stability, feasibility, and computational complexity challenges, we model CHP economic dispatch as a Markov decision process. We use a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to estimate the system’s dynamics through interactions with the simulation environment. The RL approach is compared with a detailed nonlinear mathematical optimizer on day-ahead and real-tim... [more]

The pressure drop of a main steam and reheat steam system should be optimized during the design and operation of a thermal power plant to minimize operation costs. In this study, the pressure drop of the main steam pipe and reheat steam pipe of a 1000 MW secondary reheat unit are optimized by modulating the operation parameters and the cost of operation is explored. Optimal pipe specifications were achieved by selecting a bend pipe and optimizing the pipe specifications. The pressure loss of the main steam pipeline was optimized to 2.61% compared with the conventional pressure drop (5%), the heat consumption of steam turbine was reduced by about 0.63 kJ/(kW·h), the standard coal consumption was minimized by about 0.024 g/(kW·h), and the total income in 20 years is approximated to be CNY 217,700. The primary reheat system was optimized to 4.88%, the steam turbine heat consumption was reduced by about 7.13 kJ/(kW·h), the standard coal consumption decreased by about 0.276 g/(kW·h), and th... [more]

The aim of this manuscript is to introduce solutions to optimize economic dispatch of loads and combined emissions (CEED) in thermal generators. We use metaheuristics, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), ant lion optimization (ALO), dragonfly algorithm (DA), and differential evolution (DE), which are normally used for comparative simulations, and evaluation of CEED optimization, generated in MATLAB. For this study, we used a hybrid model composed of six (06) thermal units and thirteen (13) photovoltaic solar plants (PSP), considering emissions of contaminants into the air and the reduction in the total cost of combustibles. The implementation of a new method that identifies and turns off the least efficient thermal generators allows metaheuristic techniques to determine the value of the optimal power of the other generators, thereby reducing the level of pollutants in the atmosphere. The results are presented in comparative charts of the methods, where the power, emissions, and... [more]

In the field of marine renewable energies, the extraction of marine currents by the use of tidal current turbines has led to many studies. In contrast to offshore wind turbines, the mass minimization is not necessarily the most important criterion. In that case, Direct-Drive Electrically Excited Synchronous Generators (EESG) can be an interesting solution in a context where the permanent magnet market is more and more stressed. In the particular case of a tidal turbine, the electric generator operates at variable torque and speed all the time. Its sizing must therefore take into account the control strategy and check that all the constraints are respected during the working cycle, particularly the thermal one because its permanent regime is never reached. There is no solution today that can completely solve such a sizing problem. The paper presents a specific solution. In particular, we will see that the method presented allows an avoidance of an oversizing of the generator compared to... [more]

The optimization of drilling operations is an ongoing necessity since the major proportion of the terrestrial hydrocarbon reservoirs has been exhausted. Furthermore, there is a growing tendency among the space exploration agencies to drill the subsurface formations of the remote planets, such as the Moon and Mars. To optimize the drilling efficiency in such complicated conditions, the mechanical specific energy (MSE) must be efficiently reduced. The available MSE models incorporate the different parameters related to the surface rig, drill bit, and the underlying rocks to estimate the MSE values. In this research, the current status of those MSE models is assessed, and their relevant assumptions, limitations, applications, and pros and cons are profoundly argued. From the current scrutiny, it was deduced that the available MSE models require more geomechanical parameters to be included in their formulations. Furthermore, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques was identified... [more]

This paper presents a novel methodology for planning and operating biogas energy systems based on the transactive energy concept to determine multilevel operating regimes for distributed generation. The developed model is used to manage the production, storage, and dispatch of biogas energy systems to meet the load demands of the biogas producer and support the operation of the distribution network operator. An Integer Linear Programming (ILP) is fitted to optimize the biogas production of the biogas producer, including the operation of the biogas storage systems and their interaction with the network operator. The model’s objective is to maximize benefits for the participating agents in a transactive energy context. The model’s effectiveness is validated using seven case studies involving biogas systems having different operating ranges and modes to achieve enhanced flexibility and reliability for the system operation with a large proportion of intermittent energy resources. The simul... [more]

Two methods for estimating the near-optimal positions and sizes of capacitors in radial distribution networks are presented. The first model assumes fixed-size capacitors, while the second model assumes controllable variable-size capacitors by changing the tap positions. In the second model, we limit the number of changes in capacitor size. In both approaches, the models consider many load scenarios and aim to obtain better voltage profiles by minimizing voltage deviations and active power losses. We use two recently developed heuristic algorithms called Salp Swarm Optimization algorithm (SSA) and Dragonfly algorithm (DA) to solve the proposed optimization models. We performed numerical simulations using data by modifying an actual distribution network in Almaty, Kazakhstan. To mimic various load scenarios, we start with the baseline load values and produce random variations. For the first model, the optimization algorithms identify the near-optimal positioning and sizes of fixed-size... [more]

With the increasingly prominent environmental problems in the world today, the development of an integrated energy system and the introduction of a carbon-trading mechanism have become important means to realize the low carbonization of the energy industry. Based on this, this paper introduces the carbon-trading mechanism into the research on the optimal dispatch of an integrated energy system. The mechanism of integrated energy demand response participating in low-carbon economic dispatch is analyzed. The relationship between carbon emissions and carbon-trading price in carbon-trading mechanism is described. On the basis of considering the commodity attributes of the electricity and gas load and the flexible supply characteristics of the thermal load, an incentive-type comprehensive energy demand response model is established. Finally, aiming at the lowest comprehensive operating cost, a comprehensive energy system model considering the power balance and equipment constraints of the e... [more]

To help the reverse Brayton cycle cool the refrigerant from 100 K to 50 K, an auxiliary generator, with a housed stator, is studied and optimized, and the influences of weights in the cost- function on the results are discussed. The power demand and adiabatic characteristics of reverse Brayton cycle expansion are analyzed, after which the optimization indexes, including output rated power, efficiency, the air gap between rotor and stator, loss, and volume, are decided. The initial model of the auxiliary generator is then constructed and the parameters to be optimized are also determined. Taking the low loss and sinusoidal back-EMF as the evaluation indexes, the single parameter optimizations of the auxiliary generator are carried out. The co-simulation of the generator and its corresponding driving circuit is investigated, with which the power generation efficiency is calculated. The global optimizations of the generator parameters are carried out using a genetic algorithm. A suitable... [more]

The structural parameters of an equal amplitude modulated magnetic pole is limited by the length of the air-gap. When the modulation ratio or carrier ratio is small, the spacing of permanent magnets is too large, which will lead to a worse cogging effect, and then the torque optimization effect is not satisfying. In order to improve the operation stability of a bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor (bearingless PMSM), an unequal amplitude modulated magnetic pole structure is proposed according to the principle of magnetic pole modulation. The Taguchi method is used to optimize the structural parameters of the unequal amplitude modulated magnetic pole with the goal of reducing the torque and suspension force fluctuation. Three kinds of magnetic pole structures, named the whole magnetic pole, the equal amplitude modulated magnetic pole and the unequal amplitude modulated magnetic pole are compared and verified. The results show that the proposed structure of the unequal amplitud... [more]

Reactive dyeing is primarily used in the textile industry to achieve a high level of productivity for high-quality products. This method requires heating a large amount of freshwater for dyeing and cooling for the biological treatment of discharged wastewater. If the heat of the wastewater discharged from the textile industry is recovered, energy used for heating freshwater and cooling wastewater can be significantly reduced. However, the energy efficiency of this industry remains low, owing to the limited use of waste heat. Hence, this study suggested a cost-optimal heat exchanger network (HEN) in a heat pump-assisted textile industry wastewater heat recovery system with maximizing energy efficiency simultaneously. A novel two-step approach was suggested to develop the optimal HEN in heat pump-assisted textile industry wastewater heat recovery system. In the first step, the system was designed to integrate the heat exchanger and heat pump to recover waste heat effectively. In the seco... [more]

This paper proposes a probabilistic model with the aim to reduce the solar energy operation cost and CO2 emissions of a multi-carrier microgrid. The MCMG in this study includes various elements such as combined heat and power (CHP), electrical heat pump (EHP), absorption chiller, solar panels, and thermal and electrical storages. A MILP model is proposed to manage the commitment of energy producers, energy storage equipment, the amount of selling/buying of energy with the upstream network, and the energy consumption of the responsible electrical loads for the day-ahead optimal operation of this microgrid. The proposed operation model is formulated as a multi-objective optimization model based on two environmental and economic objectives, using a weighted sum technique and a fuzzy satisfying approach. In this paper, the 2 m + 1-point estimate strategy has been used to model the uncertainties caused by the output power of solar panels and the upstream power supply price. In order to eval... [more]

Noise significantly reduces the detection accuracy of transient power quality disturbances. It is critical to denoise the disturbance. The purpose of this research is to present an improved wavelet threshold denoising method and an adaptive parameter selection strategy based on energy optimization to address the issue of unclear parameter values in existing improved wavelet threshold methods. To begin, we introduce the peak-to-sum ratio and combine it with an adaptive correction factor to modify the general threshold. After calculating the energy of each layer of wavelet coefficient, the scale with the lowest energy is chosen as the optimal critical scale, and the correction factor is adaptively adjusted according to the critical scale. Following that, an improved threshold function with a variable factor is proposed, with the variable factor being controlled by the critical scale in order to adapt to different disturbance types’ denoising. The simulation results show that the proposed... [more]

The use of a directional overcurrent protection relay (DOPR) to protect an electrical power system is a crucial instrument for keeping the system dynamic and avoiding undue interruption. The coordination of a DOPR’s primary and backup relays is modelled as a highly constrained optimization problem. The goal is to determine an ideal value that will reduce the overall working time of all primary relays. The coordination is accomplished by the use of particle swarm optimization hybridization (HPSO). Comprehensive simulation experiments are carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed HPSO by employing the time multiplier setting (TMS) and plug setting (PS) as an optimization variable and constant, respectively. The HPSO has been examined satisfactorily utilizing certain IEEE benchmark test systems (9-bus and 14-bus). The outcomes are contrasted with earlier heuristics and evolutionary approaches. Based on the acquired findings, it is clear that the obtained results exceed the othe... [more]

This work proposes a mixed-integer linear programming model for the operational cost function of lithium-ion batteries that should be applied in a microgrid centralized controller. Such a controller aims to supply loads while optimizing the leveled cost of energy, and for that, the cost function of the battery must compete with the cost functions of other energy resources, such as distribution network, dispatchable generators, and renewable sources. In this paper, in order to consider the battery lifetime degradation, the proposed operational cost model is based on the variation in its state of health (SOH). This variation is determined by experimental data that relate the number of charge and discharge cycles to some of the most important factors that degrade the lifespan of lithium-ion batteries, resulting in a simple empirical model that depends on the battery dispatch power and the current state of charge (SOC). As proof-of-concept, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations of a real... [more]

Energy storage (ES) is playing an increasingly important role in reducing the spatial and temporal power imbalance of supply and demand caused by the uncertainty and periodicity of renewable energy in the microgrid. The utilization efficiency of distributed ES belonging to different entities can be improved through sharing, and considerable flexibility resources can be provided to the microgrid through the coordination of ES sharing and demand response, but its reliability is affected by multiple uncertainties from different sources. In this study, a two-stage ES sharing mechanism is proposed, in which the idle ES capacity is aggregated on the previous day to provide reliable resources for real-time optimization. Then, a two-layer semi-coupled optimization strategy based on a deep deterministic policy gradient is proposed to solve the asynchronous decision problems of day-ahead sharing and intra-day optimization. To deal with the impact of multiple uncertainties, Monte Carlo sampling i... [more]

Distributed generation (DG) aims to generate part of the required electrical energy on a small scale closer to the places of consumption. Integration of DG into an existing electric distribution network (EDN) has technical, economic, and environmental benefits. DG placement is typically determined by investors and local conditions such as the availability of energy resources, space, and licenses, among other factors. When the location of DG is not a decision of the distribution network operator (DNO), the simultaneous integration of distribution network reconfiguration (DNR) and DG placement can maximize the benefits of DG and mitigate eventual negative impacts. DNR consists of altering the EDN topology to improve its performance while maintaining the radiality of the network. DNR and optimal placement of DG (OPDG) are challenging optimization problems since they involve integer and continuous variables subject to nonlinear constraints and a nonlinear objective function. Due to their n... [more]

Accurate wind power forecasting helps relieve the regulation pressure of a power system, which is of great significance to the power system’s operation. However, achieving satisfactory results in wind power forecasting is highly challenging due to the random volatility characteristics of wind power sequences. This study proposes a novel ultra-short-term wind power combined prediction method based on complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition, the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), and the Elman neural network model. The model can not only solve the phenomenon of easy modal mixing in decomposition but also avoid the problems of reconstruction error and low efficiency in the decomposition process. Furthermore, a new metaheuristic algorithm, WOA, was introduced to optimize the model and improve the accuracy of wind power prediction. Considering a wind farm as an example, several wind turbines were selected to simulate and analyse wind power by using the established prediction mo... [more]

Because electricity retailers must ensure that energy supply matches end-user demand, electricity that is not traded through bilateral contracts is typically traded in power exchanges which are subject to great price volatility. In Colombia, the spot price is a reflection of climate variability because approximately 70% of the country’s electricity is generated by large hydropower stations. In this study, we forecast 2018′s prices and calculated its corresponding purchase margins using the 2015 to 2017 bilateral contract prices for electricity plus power exchange price information and climate information. Our forecasts included climate uncertainty and evaluated two multi-period portfolio methods for deciding among three purchasing strategies: bilateral contracts in the regulated market, bilateral contracts in the non-regulated markets, and purchases in the power exchange. The results indicate that retailers should follow a middle course that is neither conservative nor risky. Creation... [more]

Wind energy is among the fastest-growing electric energy resources worldwide. As the electric power generated by wind turbines (WTs) varies, the WT-connected bus voltage fluctuates. This paper presents a study on implementing a swarm-based proportional and integral (PI) controller for GTO-STATCOM voltage regulator to mitigate the voltage fluctuation caused by the output variations of an offshore wind farm. The proposed swarm-based algorithm for the PI controller is Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO). Simulation results obtained by the HHO algorithm are compared with three other swarm-based algorithms and show that STATCOM with HHO-based PI controller can effectively regulate the WT-connected bus voltage under different wind power output conditions. It shows that the STATCOM compensation performance of the proposed algorithm is superior to that of the compared solutions in maintaining the stable WT-connected bus voltage.

Recent research reveals that multi-phase motors in electric propulsion systems are highly recommended due to their improved reliability and efficiency over traditional three phase motors. This research presented a comparison of optimal model design of a six phase squirrel cage induction motor (IM) for electric propulsion by using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). A six phase squirrel cage induction motor is designed and simulated by ANSYS Motor-CAD. In order to find the best fit method, simulation results are compared and applied to the motors for electric propulsion, considering the influence of design upon the motor performance. The six-phase squirrel cage induction motor is more energy efficient, reliable and cost effective for the electric propulsion compared to the conventional three phase motor. In this study, first the initial parameters of the six phase squirrel cage induction motor have been determined and then these parameters have been compared wi... [more]

The fuel price increase and severe environmental regulations determine energy-saving importance. Useful utilization of low-potential heat sources with 300−400 °С temperature becomes topical. The application of low-temperature power production facilities operating low-boiling heat carriers could be a solution to this problem. A comparative parametric study of a number of heat carriers resulted in a choice of the most promising fluids that are not expensive, have low toxicity and flammability, low ozone depletion and low global warming potential. These heat carriers are considered for application in simple power production cycles with and without regeneration. The main parameters were optimized at the initial temperatures of 323.15−623.15 K. The cycle without regeneration has a maximal net efficiency of 29.34% using the water at an initial temperature of 623.15 K. The regenerative cycle at a temperature below 490 K has its maximal efficiency using a water heat carrier, and at a higher te... [more]

We propose the conditions for maximum overall efficiency at the constraint of satisfying asymmetric load power requirements for each receiver, for multiple-receivers wireless power transfer. Previously, the limitation of multiple-receiver analysis was that only the efficiency was maximized, whereas the requirements of load power were neglected. In many cases, conventional efficiency maximization assigns insufficient power to receivers far from the transmitter, while supplying excessive power to receivers near the transmitter. To resolve this limitation, we maximize the efficiency at the constraints of specified load power for each receiver. The proposed closed-form equation provides an optimum TX coil current amplitude, and the optimum load resistances of each receiver, to achieve the maximum efficiency at the load power regulation.

Aiming at the economic dispatch problem for an interconnected system with wind power integration, and in order to realize the goals of system economy and improvement of the cross-regional consumption level of wind energy, a decentralized coordination dispatch model is established in this paper. In this model, a DC tie-line is cut by the branch cutting method and used as a coupling variable. A virtual upper-level dispatch center is established, and the economic dispatch problem to be solved is decomposed into a master optimization problem for the upper-level dispatch center and subsidiary optimization problems for the lower-level dispatch centers. For solving this model, an improved Harris hawks optimization (HHO) algorithm called the chaotic mutation Harris hawks optimization (CMHHO) algorithm is proposed. In the CMHHO algorithm, tent mapping and the “DE/pbad-to-pbest/1” strategy are introduced, and a new nonlinear escape energy factor adjustment is proposed. Through an algorithm compa... [more]