The present review provides a catalogue of relevant renewable energy (RE) technologies currently available (regarding the 2030 scope) and to be available in the transition towards 2050 for the decarbonisation of Energy Intensive Industries (EIIs). RE solutions have been classified into technologies based on the use of renewable electricity and those used to produce heat for multiple industrial processes. Electrification will be key thanks to the gradual decrease in renewable power prices and the conversion of natural-gas-dependent processes. Industrial processes that are not eligible for electrification will still need a form of renewable heat. Among them, the following have been identified: concentrating solar power, heat pumps, and geothermal energy. These can supply a broad range of needed temperatures. Biomass will be a key element not only in the decarbonisation of conventional combustion systems but also as a biofuel feedstock. Biomethane and green hydrogen are considered essenti... [more]

LNG technologies have long been used but only recently found widespread employment on medium and small scales compared to the traditional cycle of liquefaction, transport by ship, regasification and injection into the gas network. This has increased the direct use of LNG with the problem of limiting greenhouse gas emissions, linked to gas released principally in the event of prolonged absence of fuel drawing from the cryogenic tank. This study analyzes the energetic exploitation of BOG in small internal combustion engines. The effect on CO2 equivalent emissions was evaluated, making a comparison with the BOG emission into the atmosphere directly or after burning. A 1 kW gasoline engine was selected for a 500-litre LNG tank and converted to gas fueling. The measured consumption and emissions resulted in compliance with a lower environmental impact compared to direct BOG release into the atmosphere despite simplified technical solutions, such a cheap and light 2-stroke engine. In contras... [more]

Demand for lithium-ion battery cells (LIB) for electromobility has risen sharply in recent years. In order to continue to serve this growing market, large-scale production capacities require further expansion and the overall effectiveness of processes must be increased. Effectiveness can be significantly optimized through innovative manufacturing technology and by identifying scrap early in the production chain. To enable these two approaches, it is imperative to quantify safety- and function-critical product features in critical manufacturing steps through appropriate measurement techniques. The overview in this paper on quality control in LIB production illustrates the necessity for improved inspection techniques with X-rays to realize a fast, online measurement of inner features in large-scale cell assembly with short cycle times and to visualize inner product-process interactions for the optimization in electrolyte filling. Therefore, two new inspection techniques are presented tha... [more]

In this study, a lumped parameter model, developed and extensively validated by the authors, is used to simulate the impact of three different dehumidification technologies (mechanical refrigeration dehumidifier, liquid desiccant dehumidifier, and a heat recovery ventilation unit), at a commercial greenhouse growing potted roses in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Typical meteorological year (TMY) data from nearby Vineland, Ontario was used to provide the external weather data used in the model. Each greenhouse bay containing a dehumidification unit was simulated for spring, fall, and winter conditions. The potential reductions in energy use (kWh), greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2e), and operating cost were estimated for each test case. The potential energy savings from switching from high-pressure sodium (HPS) to light-emitting diode (LED) lights were also examined. The simulation results showed that switching to LED lamps could reduce the electrical energy usage by up to 60% but would i... [more]