LAPSE:2025.0397v1
Published Article

LAPSE:2025.0397v1
Electricity Bidding with Variable Loads
June 27, 2025
Abstract
Processes increasingly need to consider electricity markets, which shifts the traditional demand side management scope towards a more dynamic nature. Instead of only focusing on day-ahead energy trading, demand-side management scope should be broadened towards being able to support the power grid stability during frequency events. This paper studies an artificial example process, similar to the melt-shop process from the steel industry, highlighting the challenges and opportunities of an energy intensive process. We show the potential benefits of having a battery energy storage system on-site, as well as opportunities in lowering the electricity cost by participating in the bidding process of various ancillary products.
Processes increasingly need to consider electricity markets, which shifts the traditional demand side management scope towards a more dynamic nature. Instead of only focusing on day-ahead energy trading, demand-side management scope should be broadened towards being able to support the power grid stability during frequency events. This paper studies an artificial example process, similar to the melt-shop process from the steel industry, highlighting the challenges and opportunities of an energy intensive process. We show the potential benefits of having a battery energy storage system on-site, as well as opportunities in lowering the electricity cost by participating in the bidding process of various ancillary products.
Record ID
Keywords
Battery Energy Storage Systems, Energy markets, Planning & Scheduling, Price Uncertainties, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Stochastic Optimization
Subject
Suggested Citation
Harjunkoski I. Electricity Bidding with Variable Loads. Systems and Control Transactions 4:1524-1529 (2025) https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.156162
Author Affiliations
Harjunkoski I: Aalto University, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Espoo, Finland; Hitachi Energy Research, Mannheim, Germany
Journal Name
Systems and Control Transactions
Volume
4
First Page
1524
Last Page
1529
Year
2025
Publication Date
2025-07-01
Version Comments
Original Submission
Other Meta
PII: 1524-1529-1524-SCT-4-2025, Publication Type: Journal Article
Record Map
Published Article

LAPSE:2025.0397v1
This Record
External Link

https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.156162
Article DOI
Download
Meta
Record Statistics
Record Views
561
Version History
[v1] (Original Submission)
Jun 27, 2025
Verified by curator on
Jun 27, 2025
This Version Number
v1
Citations
Most Recent
This Version
URL Here
https://psecommunity.org/LAPSE:2025.0397v1
Record Owner
PSE Press
Links to Related Works
References Cited
- X. Tang, R. O'Neill, E. Hale, R. Baldick and M. Baldea, "Demand bidding vs. demand response for industrial electrical loads", Computers & Chemical Engineering, vol. 189 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2024.108768
- L. Merkert, I. Harjunkoski, A. Isaksson, S. Säynevirta, A. Saarela, G. Sand, "Scheduling and energy - Industrial challenges and opportunities", Computers & Chemical Engineering, vol. 72, pp. 183-198 (2015), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2014.05.024
- Zheng Wang, Chaojie Li, Xiaojun Zhou, Renyou Xie, Xiangyu Li, Zhaoyang Dong, "Stochastic bidding for VPPs enabled ancillary services: A case study", Applied Energy, vol. 352 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121918
- N. Padmanabhan, M. Ahmed and K. Bhattacharya, "Battery Energy Storage Systems in Energy and Reserve Markets," in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 215-226 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2936131
- F. Hafiz, I. Harjunkoski, M. Eissa, E. Vallarino and S. Picerno, "Automated Market Bidding for Battery Energy Storage Systems", CIGRE Session 2024, Paris, France, August 25-30,2024
- E. Kraft, M. Russo, D. Keles and V. Bertsch. "Stochastic optimization of trading strategies in sequential electricity markets", European Journal of Operational Research, 308 (1), pp. 400 - 421 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2022.10.040
- C.C. Pantelides, "Unified frameworks for optimal process planning and scheduling", Second Conf. on Foundations of Computer-Aided Operations, pp. 253-274 (1994)
- P.M. Castro, I. Harjunkoski and I.E. Grossmann, "New continuous-time scheduling formulation for continuous plants under variable electricity cost", Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 48 (14), pp. 6701-6714. (2009) https://doi.org/10.1021/ie900073k
- H.S. Lee, S.S. Murthy, S.W. Haider and D.V. Morse "Primary production scheduling at steelmaking industries", IBM Journal of Research and Development, 40 (2), pp. 231-252. (1997) https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.402.0231
- I. Harjunkoski and I.E. Grossmann. "A decomposition approach for the scheduling of a steel plant production", Computers & Chemical Engineering, vol. 25, pp. 1647-1660 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-1354(01)00729-3

