Tungsten, essential in the industrial, military, and civilian domains and deemed a strategic resource by various nations, necessitates careful consideration in room and pillar mines due to the potential instability and safety hazards posed by untouched mine pillars, making tungsten recovery crucial for worker safety and economic gain. This research aims to provide guidance for recovering tungsten from mine pillars and making mining operations safer for workers in the Xianglushan mine. Numerical simulations are conducted to study the mechanical response of a preformed roadway in a backfill body subjected to static and dynamic loads with various explosive distances and positions. Blasting vibration velocity and blasting-induced damage in the backfill body are extracted to evaluate the mechanical response of the backfill body. The numerical results indicate that the steel frame and preformed roadway remain stable under the influence of both gravity and the impact from blasting, using a charge of 3.00 kg per blasthole. By analyzing these indicators, potential safety hazards in the backfill body and preformed roadway are identified, and the numerical results provide guidance for mine pillar recovery practices.