Prolonged development of ore deposits, ore beneficiation and metallurgical smelting of concentrates result in the accumulation of wastes, forming large-scale dumps and sludge ponds negatively affecting the environment and human health. The creation and introduction of industrial waste treatment technologies will make it possible to dispose of them with the production of valuable commercial products and improve the environmental situation. In a research article on chemical beneficiation with the subsequent gravitational beneficiation of chrome-containing slurry tailings of Donskoy Ore-Mining and Beneficiation Plant (DOMBP), which processes chrome ore of the Kempirsay deposit in the Republic of Kazakhstan, Aktobe region, having considerable stocks of such waste is presented. The chromium-containing slurry tailings were heat-treated at 1100 °C, sintered with ammonium sulfate, water and sulfuric acid in a defined ratio at 300 °C, and then the resulting sinter was leached with water at 90 °C. The cake was washed to separate the liquid part from the solid part. The solid precipitate is the chromium-containing cake, which is upgraded by gravity concentration to a grade concentrate for ferroalloy production. When the solution is evaporated, magnesium sulfate with ammonium sulfate forms the Tutton’s salt ammoshenite. High-throughput chromium oxide extraction of 93.9% was achieved as a result of the research, and three products were obtained: (1) standard chromium concentrate with 49.48% Cr2O3 content, (2) ammoshenite used as a nitrogen−magnesium fertilizer and (3) forsterite, which is concentrated in gravity concentration tailings and can be used in the production of refractory minerals.