LAPSE:2023.34426
Published Article
LAPSE:2023.34426
Intensification of Processes for the Production of Ethyl Levulinate Using AlCl3·6H2O
Carlo Pastore, Valeria D’Ambrosio
April 26, 2023
A process for obtaining ethyl levulinate through the direct esterification of levulinic acid and ethanol using AlCl3·6H2O as a catalyst was investigated. AlCl3·6H2O was very active in promoting the reaction and, the correspondent kinetic and thermodynamic data were determined. The reaction followed a homogeneous second-order reversible reaction model: in the temperature range of 318−348 K, Ea was 56.3 kJ·K−1·mol−1, whereas Keq was in the field 2.37−3.31. The activity of AlCl3·6H2O was comparable to that of conventional mineral acids. Besides, AlCl3·6H2O also induced a separation of phases in which ethyl levulinate resulted mainly (>98 wt%) dissolved into the organic upper layer, well separated by most of the co-formed water, which decanted in the bottom. The catalyst resulted wholly dissolved into the aqueous phase (>95 wt%), allowing at the end of a reaction cycle, complete recovery, and possible reuse for several runs. With the increase of the AlCl3·6H2O content (from 1 to 5 mol%), the reaction proceeded fast, and the phases’ separation improved. Such a behavior eventually results in an intensification of processes of reaction and separation of products and catalyst in a single step. The use of AlCl3·6H2O leads to a significant reduction of energy consumed for the final achievement of ethyl levulinate, and a simplification of line-processes can be achieved.
Keywords
aluminum chloride hexahydrate, catalyst recovery, direct esterification, ethyl levulinate, Process Intensification
Suggested Citation
Pastore C, D’Ambrosio V. Intensification of Processes for the Production of Ethyl Levulinate Using AlCl3·6H2O. (2023). LAPSE:2023.34426
Author Affiliations
Pastore C: Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), via F. de Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy [ORCID]
D’Ambrosio V: Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), via F. de Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy
Journal Name
Energies
Volume
14
Issue
5
First Page
1273
Year
2021
Publication Date
2021-02-25
Published Version
ISSN
1996-1073
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Original Submission
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PII: en14051273, Publication Type: Journal Article
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doi:10.3390/en14051273
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Apr 26, 2023
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