LAPSE:2023.33109
Published Article
LAPSE:2023.33109
Combining Baffles and Secondary Porous Layers for Performance Enhancement of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Luka Mihanović, Željko Penga, Lei Xing, Viktor Hacker
April 20, 2023
A numerical study is conducted to compare the current most popular flow field configurations, porous, biporous, porous with baffles, Toyota 3D fine-mesh, and traditional rectangular flow field. Operation at high current densities is considered to elucidate the effect of the flow field designs on the overall heat transfer and liquid water removal. A comprehensive 3D, multiphase, nonisothermal computational fluid dynamics model is developed based on up-to-date heat and mass transfer sub-models, incorporating the complete formulation of the Forchheimer inertial effect and the permeability ratio of the biporous layers. The porous and baffled flow field improves the cell performance by minimizing mass transport losses, enhancing the water removal from the diffusion layers. The baffled flow field is chosen for optimization owing to the simple design and low manufacturing cost. A total of 49 configurations were mutually compared in the design of experiments to show the quantitative effect of each parameter on the performance of the baffled flow field. The results elucidate the significant influence of small geometry modifications on the overall heat and mass transfer. The results of different cases have shown that water saturation can be decreased by up to 33.59% and maximal temperature by 7.91 °C when compared to the reference case which is already characterized by very high performance. The most influencing geometry parameters of the baffles on the cell performance are revealed. The best case of the 49 studied cases is further optimized by introducing a linear scaling factor. Additional geometry modifications demonstrate that the gain in performance can be increased, but at a cost of higher pressure drop and increased design complexity. The conclusions of this work aids in the development of compact and high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks.
Keywords
baffle geometry optimization, biporous layer, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Forchheimer inertial effect, proton-exchange membrane fuel cells
Suggested Citation
Mihanović L, Penga Ž, Xing L, Hacker V. Combining Baffles and Secondary Porous Layers for Performance Enhancement of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. (2023). LAPSE:2023.33109
Author Affiliations
Mihanović L: Croatian Defense Academy, Naval Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
Penga Ž: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; Center for Excellence for Science and Technology—Integration of Mediterranean Region, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
Xing L: Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK; Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China [ORCID]
Hacker V: Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria [ORCID]
Journal Name
Energies
Volume
14
Issue
12
First Page
3675
Year
2021
Publication Date
2021-06-20
Published Version
ISSN
1996-1073
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PII: en14123675, Publication Type: Journal Article
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LAPSE:2023.33109
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doi:10.3390/en14123675
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