To obtain quality variables that cannot be measured in real time during the production process but reflect information on the quality of the final product, the batch production process has the characteristics of a strong time-varying nature, non-Gaussian data distribution and high nonlinearity. A locally weighted partial least squares regression quality prediction model (KICA-JITL-LWPLS), based on wavelet kernel function independent meta-analysis with immediate learning, is proposed. The model first measures the similarity between the normalized input data and the historical data and assigns the input data to the group of historical data with high similarity to it, based on the posterior probability of the Bayesian classifier; subsequently, wavelet kernel functions are selected and kernel learning methods are introduced into the independent meta-analysis algorithm. An independent meta-analysis, based on the wavelet kernel function, is performed on the classified input data to obtain probabilistically significant independent sets of variables. Finally, a real-time learning-based LWPLS regression analysis is performed on this variable set to construct a local prediction model for the current sample by calculating the similarity between the local input data. The local predictions from the PLS output are fused with the posterior probability output from the Bayesian classifier to produce the final prediction. The method was used to predict the product concentration and bacteriophage concentration during penicillin fermentation through a simulation platform. The prediction results were basically consistent with the real values, proving that the proposed KICA-JITL-LWPLS quality prediction model, based on wavelet kernel functions, has reliable prediction results.