LAPSE:2019.0624v1
Published Article
LAPSE:2019.0624v1
High Nitrate and Phosphate Ions Reduction in Modified Low Salinity Fresh Water through Microalgae Cultivation
July 11, 2019
The treatment of nitrate and phosphate ions in fresh water such as streams, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and wetlands through biological treatment has been getting more crucial and popular in recent years. This paper reports the reduction of nitrate and phosphate ions in modified low salinity fresh water via the cultivation of a microalgae strain, e.g., Tetraspora sp. and Spirogyra sp. The low salinity fresh water (9054 to 9992 ppm) was modified with the addition of organic fertiliser (VermiCompost Tea) and used as the cultivation medium to grow microalgae. The microalgae strains were grown under controlled conditions in an indoor laboratory for 14 days. The initial concentrations of nitrate and phosphate ions in the modified fresh water sample were 1.17 mg/L and 0.10 mg/L, respectively. The reduction of nitrate and phosphate ions associated with the effect of cultivation of Tetraspora sp. and Spirogyra sp. in ambient air (0.03% of CO2) and 15% of CO2 was investigated. In ambient air, the cultivation of Tetraspora sp. and Spirogyra sp. greatly reduced the nitrate ions concentration from 5.96 ± 0.28 to 0.37 ± 0.05 mg/L and from 2.35 ± 0.19 to 0.59 ± 0.08 mg/L, respectively. A 100% reduction of phosphate ions was observed in the cultivation of Tetraspora sp. and Spirogyra sp. from 0.52 ± 0.10 mg/L in 13 days of and from 0.63 ± 0.15 mg/L in 6 days, respectively. Meanwhile, with the aeration of 15% of CO2, after the 14 days cultivation of Tetraspora sp. and Spirogyra sp. reduced the nitrate ions concentration from 5.27 ± 0.06 to 1.80 ± 0.20 mg/L and from 4.73 ± 0.12 to 2.80 ± 0.10 mg/L, respectively. The excessive CO2 in water consequently lowered the pH of water medium from 7.18 to 6.60 due to the formation of carbonic acid (H2CO3). It was feasible to couple the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in Sungai Sura (4°42″28.2° N 103°26″12.1° E) while cultivating microalgae through biological treatment to produce biomass for biofuel production.
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Keywords
biodiesel, Carbon Dioxide, fresh water, low salinity, nitrate ions, phosphate ions, Spirogyra sp., Tetraspora sp.
Subject
Suggested Citation
Mustaffa AR, Ku Hamid KH, Musa M, Idris J, Ramli R. High Nitrate and Phosphate Ions Reduction in Modified Low Salinity Fresh Water through Microalgae Cultivation. (2019). LAPSE:2019.0624v1
Author Affiliations
Mustaffa AR: Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Terengganu, Bukit Besi 23300, Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
Ku Hamid KH: Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
Musa M: Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
Idris J: Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sarawak Branch, Samarahan Campus, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
Ramli R: Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Terengganu, Dungun 23000, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Ku Hamid KH: Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
Musa M: Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
Idris J: Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sarawak Branch, Samarahan Campus, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
Ramli R: Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Terengganu, Dungun 23000, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Journal Name
Processes
Volume
7
Issue
3
Article Number
E129
Year
2019
Publication Date
2019-03-01
Published Version
ISSN
2227-9717
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Original Submission
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PII: pr7030129, Publication Type: Journal Article
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LAPSE:2019.0624v1
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doi:10.3390/pr7030129
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[v1] (Original Submission)
Jul 11, 2019
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Jul 11, 2019
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https://psecommunity.org/LAPSE:2019.0624v1
Original Submitter
Calvin Tsay
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