LAPSE:2026.0543
Published Article

LAPSE:2026.0543
Closing the Digital Gap: A Scaffolded Pathway for Developing Digitalisation Skills in Undergraduate Chemical Engineering Curricula
June 17, 2026
Abstract
Digital competency is now core to chemical engineering practice, yet the extent and coherence of digitalisation skills provision across undergraduate curricula remain uneven. This study maps qualitatively and qualitatively digital learning outcomes across undergraduate chemical engineering programmes at the University of Sheffield, against a digital skills framework (data analysis, process simulation, process automation & control, reproducible workflows, programming, data governance). In recent years, digital skills education within chemical engineering education has advanced considerably, driven by the broader industrial shift toward Industry 4.0 and reinforced by the global challenges. Academic institutions have begun to integrate digitalisation-related content more deliberately within syllabus, in alignment with degree programme accreditation requirements and industry needs. Beyond introductory spreadsheet manipulation and basic programming, many courses are now embedding more advanced digital capabilities, including data engineering, scientific programming, process analytics, and optimisation techniques. Results of this study reveal a scaffolded digital pathway, where students are exposed gradually through core taught content and applied knowledge activities to a variety of digital tools across their years of study in a by-design approach at earlier years that becomes organic later on. From limited exposure and credit correlation in Year 1, students complete Year 4 having at least quadrupled their exposure to digital tools, with higher credits awarded to "digital" in the case of particular elective modules or research projects. This study offers a methodology and a worked example for chemical engineering programmes seeking measurable uplift in Industry 4.0 readiness and impact on chemical engineering graduate outcomes.
Digital competency is now core to chemical engineering practice, yet the extent and coherence of digitalisation skills provision across undergraduate curricula remain uneven. This study maps qualitatively and qualitatively digital learning outcomes across undergraduate chemical engineering programmes at the University of Sheffield, against a digital skills framework (data analysis, process simulation, process automation & control, reproducible workflows, programming, data governance). In recent years, digital skills education within chemical engineering education has advanced considerably, driven by the broader industrial shift toward Industry 4.0 and reinforced by the global challenges. Academic institutions have begun to integrate digitalisation-related content more deliberately within syllabus, in alignment with degree programme accreditation requirements and industry needs. Beyond introductory spreadsheet manipulation and basic programming, many courses are now embedding more advanced digital capabilities, including data engineering, scientific programming, process analytics, and optimisation techniques. Results of this study reveal a scaffolded digital pathway, where students are exposed gradually through core taught content and applied knowledge activities to a variety of digital tools across their years of study in a by-design approach at earlier years that becomes organic later on. From limited exposure and credit correlation in Year 1, students complete Year 4 having at least quadrupled their exposure to digital tools, with higher credits awarded to "digital" in the case of particular elective modules or research projects. This study offers a methodology and a worked example for chemical engineering programmes seeking measurable uplift in Industry 4.0 readiness and impact on chemical engineering graduate outcomes.
Record ID
Keywords
Curriculum, Digital Chemical Engineering, Digital Skills, Education, Industry 4.0, Modelling and Simulations
Subject
Suggested Citation
Routoula E, Bestenlehner J, Zandi M. Closing the Digital Gap: A Scaffolded Pathway for Developing Digitalisation Skills in Undergraduate Chemical Engineering Curricula. Systems and Control Transactions 5:2696-2703 (2026) https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.147784
Author Affiliations
Routoula E: University of Sheffield, School of Chemical Materials & Biological Engineering, Sheffield, UK [ORCID]
Bestenlehner J: University of Sheffield, School of Chemical Materials & Biological Engineering, Sheffield, UK [ORCID]
Zandi M: University of Sheffield, School of Chemical Materials & Biological Engineering, Sheffield, UK [ORCID]
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Bestenlehner J: University of Sheffield, School of Chemical Materials & Biological Engineering, Sheffield, UK [ORCID]
Zandi M: University of Sheffield, School of Chemical Materials & Biological Engineering, Sheffield, UK [ORCID]
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Journal Name
Systems and Control Transactions
Volume
5
First Page
2696
Last Page
2703
Year
2026
Publication Date
2026-06-17
Version Comments
Original Submission
Other Meta
PII: 2696-2703-700-SCT-5-2026, Publication Type: Journal Article
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Published Article

LAPSE:2026.0543
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https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.147784
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Jun 17, 2026
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Links to Related Works
References Cited
- Udugama IA, Bayer C, Baroutian S, Gernaey KV, Yu W, Young BR. Digitalisation in chemical engineering: Industrial needs, academic best practice, and curriculum limitations. Educ. Chem. Eng. 39:94-107 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2022.03.003
- Udugama IA, Atkins M, Bayer C, Carson J, Dikicioglu D, Gernaey KV, Glassey J, Taylor M, Young BR. Digital tools in chemical engineering education: The needs and the desires. Education for Chemical Engineers. Educ. Chem. Eng. 44:63-70 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2023.05.002
- Zandi M, Glassey J, Young BR. Mind the Gap. The Chemical Engineer 976:41-43 (2022) https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/features/mind-the-gap/
- Bilques Z, Belton D, Campbell GM. Structure and Content of BEng Chemical Engineering Programmes in the UK, Relative to the Frontiers in Chemical Engineering Education Model. Process Integr. Optim. Sustain 7:1003-1030 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1007/s41660-022-00307-6
- Zandi M, Patwardhan S, Kotta L, Litster J. A New Curriculum to Train Chemical Engineers to Solve 21st Century Grand Challenges. In: The Fifth Annual Symposium of the United Kingdom & Ireland Engineering Education Research Network, 23-24 Nov (2017), Royal Academy of Engineering, London. Aston University, Birmingham. ISBN: 978-1-85449-443-6.
- Routoula E, Halliday O, Zandi M. Changing the Way We Teach Using co-creation: Embedding Employability in the Engineering Curriculum through the Students' Perspective. In: UK and Ireland Engineering Education Research Network Conference. (2024) https://doi.org/10.31273/10.31273/9781911675167/1632
- Routoula E, Brooke C, Zeller J. Enhancing student employability with reflection and employer collaboration. In Brooks, J. UK and Ireland Engineering Education Research Network Annual Symposium Proceedings (2025) https://doi.org/10.71535/f5dfe8de-1b80-4192-8573-54d934996dec
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