LAPSE:2023.3764v1
Published Article
LAPSE:2023.3764v1
Sustainability in Blockchain: A Systematic Literature Review on Scalability and Power Consumption Issues
February 22, 2023
Abstract
Blockchain is a peer-to-peer trustless network that keeps records of digital assets without any central authority. With the passage of time, the sustainability issue of blockchain is rising. This paper discusses two major sustainability issues of blockchain: power consumption and scalability. It discusses the challenge of power consumption by analyzing various approaches to estimating power consumption in the literature. A case study of bitcoin is presented for this purpose. The study presents a review of the growing energy consumption of bitcoin along with a solution for immersion cooling in blockchain mining. The second challenge addressed in this research is scalability. With the increase in network size, scalability issues are also increasing as the number of transactions per second is decreasing. In other words, blockchain is observing low throughput with its increase in size. The paper discusses research studies and techniques proposed in the literature. The paper then investigates how to scale blockchain for better performance.
Blockchain is a peer-to-peer trustless network that keeps records of digital assets without any central authority. With the passage of time, the sustainability issue of blockchain is rising. This paper discusses two major sustainability issues of blockchain: power consumption and scalability. It discusses the challenge of power consumption by analyzing various approaches to estimating power consumption in the literature. A case study of bitcoin is presented for this purpose. The study presents a review of the growing energy consumption of bitcoin along with a solution for immersion cooling in blockchain mining. The second challenge addressed in this research is scalability. With the increase in network size, scalability issues are also increasing as the number of transactions per second is decreasing. In other words, blockchain is observing low throughput with its increase in size. The paper discusses research studies and techniques proposed in the literature. The paper then investigates how to scale blockchain for better performance.
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Keywords
bitcoin, blockchain, immersion cooling, power consumption, scalability
Subject
Suggested Citation
Alshahrani H, Islam N, Syed D, Sulaiman A, Al Reshan MS, Rajab K, Shaikh A, Shuja-Uddin J, Soomro A. Sustainability in Blockchain: A Systematic Literature Review on Scalability and Power Consumption Issues. (2023). LAPSE:2023.3764v1
Author Affiliations
Alshahrani H: Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia [ORCID]
Islam N: Computer Science Department, Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology, Karachi 75500, Pakistan
Syed D: Computer Science Department, Bahria University, Karachi 75260, Pakistan
Sulaiman A: Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia [ORCID]
Al Reshan MS: Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia [ORCID]
Rajab K: Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia [ORCID]
Shaikh A: Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia [ORCID]
Shuja-Uddin J: Computer Science and Information Technlogy, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Soomro A: Computer Science and Information Technlogy, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Islam N: Computer Science Department, Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology, Karachi 75500, Pakistan
Syed D: Computer Science Department, Bahria University, Karachi 75260, Pakistan
Sulaiman A: Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia [ORCID]
Al Reshan MS: Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia [ORCID]
Rajab K: Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia [ORCID]
Shaikh A: Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia [ORCID]
Shuja-Uddin J: Computer Science and Information Technlogy, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Soomro A: Computer Science and Information Technlogy, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Journal Name
Energies
Volume
16
Issue
3
First Page
1510
Year
2023
Publication Date
2023-02-03
ISSN
1996-1073
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PII: en16031510, Publication Type: Review
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LAPSE:2023.3764v1
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https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031510
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