Abstract
The present paper gives an overview of modelling methods of standard grounding systems under surge conditions, using the non-uniform transmission line approach. The model presented considers the soil ionization and the frequency dependence of the soil parameters during the current transients. Furthermore, the representation of the non-linear response of the soil is made using a shunt time-variable resistance to simulate the behavior of the grounding resistance when a surge current flows through the system. The model development and analysis are made using ATP-EMTP/ATPDraw transient software.