LAPSE:2023.8037
Published Article
LAPSE:2023.8037
Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Hydrogen Production Processes: Turquoise Hydrogen vs. Steam Methane Reforming
February 24, 2023
Abstract
Hydrogen has received substantial attention because of its diverse application in the energy sector. Steam methane reforming (SMR) dominates the current hydrogen production and is the least expensive endothermic reaction to produce grey hydrogen. This technology provides the advantages of low cost and high energy efficiency; however, it emits an enormous amount of CO2. Carbon capture storage (CCS) technology helps reduce these emissions by 47% to 53%, producing blue hydrogen. Methane pyrolysis is an alternative to SMR that produces (ideally) CO2-free turquoise hydrogen. In practice, methane pyrolysis reduces CO2 emissions by 71% compared to grey hydrogen and 46% compared to blue hydrogen. While carbon dioxide emissions decrease with CCS, fugitive methane emissions (FMEs) for blue and turquoise hydrogen are higher than those for grey hydrogen because of the increased use of natural gas to power carbon capture. We undertake FMEs of 3.6% of natural gas consumption for individual processes. In this study, we also explore the utilization of biogas as a feedstock and additional Boudouard reactions for efficient utilization of solid carbon from methane pyrolysis and carbon dioxide from biogas. The present study focuses on possible ways to reduce overall emissions from turquoise hydrogen to provide solutions for a sustainable low-CO2 energy source.
Hydrogen has received substantial attention because of its diverse application in the energy sector. Steam methane reforming (SMR) dominates the current hydrogen production and is the least expensive endothermic reaction to produce grey hydrogen. This technology provides the advantages of low cost and high energy efficiency; however, it emits an enormous amount of CO2. Carbon capture storage (CCS) technology helps reduce these emissions by 47% to 53%, producing blue hydrogen. Methane pyrolysis is an alternative to SMR that produces (ideally) CO2-free turquoise hydrogen. In practice, methane pyrolysis reduces CO2 emissions by 71% compared to grey hydrogen and 46% compared to blue hydrogen. While carbon dioxide emissions decrease with CCS, fugitive methane emissions (FMEs) for blue and turquoise hydrogen are higher than those for grey hydrogen because of the increased use of natural gas to power carbon capture. We undertake FMEs of 3.6% of natural gas consumption for individual processes. In this study, we also explore the utilization of biogas as a feedstock and additional Boudouard reactions for efficient utilization of solid carbon from methane pyrolysis and carbon dioxide from biogas. The present study focuses on possible ways to reduce overall emissions from turquoise hydrogen to provide solutions for a sustainable low-CO2 energy source.
Record ID
Keywords
biogas, Boudouard reaction, carbon capture and storage (CCS), fugitive emissions, methane pyrolysis, steam methane reforming (SMR), turquoise hydrogen
Subject
Suggested Citation
Ingale GU, Kwon HM, Jeong S, Park D, Kim W, Bang B, Lim YI, Kim SW, Kang YB, Mun J, Jun S, Lee U. Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Hydrogen Production Processes: Turquoise Hydrogen vs. Steam Methane Reforming. (2023). LAPSE:2023.8037
Author Affiliations
Ingale GU: Green Process and Energy System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea [ORCID]
Kwon HM: Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea
Jeong S: Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea
Park D: Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea
Kim W: Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea
Bang B: Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea
Lim YI: Center of Sustainable Process Engineering (CoSPE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Hankyoung National University, Anseong-si 17579, Republic of Korea [ORCID]
Kim SW: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si 27469, Republic of Korea [ORCID]
Kang YB: Graduate Institute of Ferrous and Energy Materials Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
Mun J: Institute of Technology, Lotte Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd., Seoul 06515, Republic of Korea
Jun S: Carbon Neutral Research Institute, Samchully Co., Ltd., Osan-si 18102, Republic of Korea
Lee U: Green Process and Energy System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea
Kwon HM: Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea
Jeong S: Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea
Park D: Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea
Kim W: Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea
Bang B: Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea
Lim YI: Center of Sustainable Process Engineering (CoSPE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Hankyoung National University, Anseong-si 17579, Republic of Korea [ORCID]
Kim SW: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si 27469, Republic of Korea [ORCID]
Kang YB: Graduate Institute of Ferrous and Energy Materials Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
Mun J: Institute of Technology, Lotte Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd., Seoul 06515, Republic of Korea
Jun S: Carbon Neutral Research Institute, Samchully Co., Ltd., Osan-si 18102, Republic of Korea
Lee U: Green Process and Energy System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea
Journal Name
Energies
Volume
15
Issue
22
First Page
8679
Year
2022
Publication Date
2022-11-18
ISSN
1996-1073
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PII: en15228679, Publication Type: Journal Article
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LAPSE:2023.8037
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https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228679
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