LAPSE:2023.7073
Published Article
LAPSE:2023.7073
Recurrent Neural Network-Based Nonlinear Optimization for Braking Control of Electric Vehicles
Jiapeng Yan, Huifang Kong, Zhihong Man
February 24, 2023
In this paper, electro-hydraulic braking (EHB) force allocation for electric vehicles (EVs) is modeled as a constrained nonlinear optimization problem (NOP). Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are advantageous in many folds for solving NOPs, yet existing RNNs’ convergence usually requires convexity with calculation of second-order partial derivatives. In this paper, a recurrent neural network-based NOP solver (RNN-NOPS) is developed. It is seen that the RNN-NOPS is designed to drive all state variables to asymptotically converge to the feasible region, with loose requirement on the NOP’s first-order partial derivative. In addition, the RNN-NOPS’s equilibria are proved to meet Karush−Kuhn−Tucker (KKT) conditions, and the RNN-NOPS behaves with a strong robustness against the violation of the constraints. The comparative studies are conducted to show RNN-NOPS’s advantages for solving the EHB force allocation problem, it is reported that the overall regenerative energy of RNN-NOPS is 15.39% more than that of the method for comparison under SC03 cycle.
Keywords
asymptotical convergence, electric vehicle (EV), electro-hydraulic braking (EHB), nonlinear optimization problems (NOP), recurrent neural network (RNN)
Suggested Citation
Yan J, Kong H, Man Z. Recurrent Neural Network-Based Nonlinear Optimization for Braking Control of Electric Vehicles. (2023). LAPSE:2023.7073
Author Affiliations
Yan J: School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China [ORCID]
Kong H: School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
Man Z: School of Software and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
Journal Name
Energies
Volume
15
Issue
24
First Page
9486
Year
2022
Publication Date
2022-12-14
Published Version
ISSN
1996-1073
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PII: en15249486, Publication Type: Journal Article
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doi:10.3390/en15249486
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