LAPSE:2023.32904
Published Article
LAPSE:2023.32904
Smart Meters Time Series Clustering for Demand Response Applications in the Context of High Penetration of Renewable Energy Resources
April 20, 2023
The variability in generation introduced in the electrical system by an increasing share of renewable technologies must be addressed by balancing mechanisms, demand response being a prominent one. In parallel, the massive introduction of smart meters allows for the use of high frequency energy use time series data to segment electricity customers according to their demand response potential. This paper proposes a smart meter time series clustering methodology based on a two-stage k-medoids clustering of normalized load-shape time series organized around the day divided into 48 time points. Time complexity is drastically reduced by first applying the k-medoids on each customer separately, and second on the total set of customer representatives. Further time complexity reduction is achieved using time series representation with low computational needs. Customer segmentation is undertaken with only four easy-to-interpret features: average energy use, energy−temperature correlation, entropy of the load-shape representative vector, and distance to wind generation patterns. This last feature is computed using the dynamic time warping distance between load and expected wind generation shape representative medoids. The two-stage clustering proves to be computationally effective, scalable and performant according to both internal validity metrics, based on average silhouette, and external validation, based on the ground truth embedded in customer surveys.
Keywords
clustering validation, demand response, electrical smart meters, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, time series clustering, time series representation
Suggested Citation
Bañales S, Dormido R, Duro N. Smart Meters Time Series Clustering for Demand Response Applications in the Context of High Penetration of Renewable Energy Resources. (2023). LAPSE:2023.32904
Author Affiliations
Bañales S: Department of Computer Sciences and Automatic Control, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/Juan del Rosal, 16, 28015 Madrid, Spain; Iberdrola Innovation Middle East, Doha 210177, Qatar [ORCID]
Dormido R: Department of Computer Sciences and Automatic Control, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/Juan del Rosal, 16, 28015 Madrid, Spain [ORCID]
Duro N: Department of Computer Sciences and Automatic Control, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/Juan del Rosal, 16, 28015 Madrid, Spain [ORCID]
Journal Name
Energies
Volume
14
Issue
12
First Page
3458
Year
2021
Publication Date
2021-06-11
Published Version
ISSN
1996-1073
Version Comments
Original Submission
Other Meta
PII: en14123458, Publication Type: Journal Article
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Apr 20, 2023
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CC BY 4.0
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Apr 20, 2023
 
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