LAPSE:2023.32798
Published Article
LAPSE:2023.32798
Overview of Solutions for the Low-Temperature Operation of Domestic Hot-Water Systems with a Circulation Loop
April 20, 2023
The operation of typical domestic hot water (DHW) systems with a storage tank and circulation loop, according to the regulations for hygiene and comfort, results in a significant heat demand at high operating temperatures that leads to high return temperatures to the district heating system. This article presents the potential for the low-temperature operation of new DHW solutions based on energy balance calculations and some tests in real buildings. The main results are three recommended solutions depending on combinations of the following three criteria: district heating supply temperature, relative circulation heat loss due to the use of hot water, and the existence of a low-temperature space heating system. The first solution, based on a heating power limitation in DHW tanks, with a safety functionality, may secure the required DHW temperature at all times, resulting in the limited heating power of the tank, extended reheating periods, and a DH return temperature of below 30 °C. The second solution, based on the redirection of the return flow from the DHW system to the low-temperature space heating system, can cool the return temperature to the level of the space heating system return temperature below 35 °C. The third solution, based on the use of a micro-booster heat pump system, can deliver circulation heat loss and result in a low return temperature below 35 °C. These solutions can help in the transition to low-temperature district heating.
Keywords
circulation heat loss, domestic hot water systems, heat exchanger, low return temperature, micro-booster heat pump, storage tank
Suggested Citation
Benakopoulos T, Vergo W, Tunzi M, Salenbien R, Svendsen S. Overview of Solutions for the Low-Temperature Operation of Domestic Hot-Water Systems with a Circulation Loop. (2023). LAPSE:2023.32798
Author Affiliations
Benakopoulos T: Energy Technology Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; EnergyVille, Thermal Systems Unit, Thor Park 8300, 3600 Genk, Belgium; Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Brov [ORCID]
Vergo W: Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Brovej, Building 118, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark [ORCID]
Tunzi M: Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Brovej, Building 118, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark [ORCID]
Salenbien R: Energy Technology Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; EnergyVille, Thermal Systems Unit, Thor Park 8300, 3600 Genk, Belgium [ORCID]
Svendsen S: Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Brovej, Building 118, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark [ORCID]
Journal Name
Energies
Volume
14
Issue
11
First Page
3350
Year
2021
Publication Date
2021-06-07
Published Version
ISSN
1996-1073
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Original Submission
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PII: en14113350, Publication Type: Journal Article
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LAPSE:2023.32798
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doi:10.3390/en14113350
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Apr 20, 2023
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