LAPSE:2023.32763
Published Article
LAPSE:2023.32763
Comfort of Domestic Water in Residential Buildings: Flow, Temperature and Energy in Draw-Off Points: Field Study in Two Danish Detached Houses
Anna Marszal-Pomianowska, Rasmus Lund Jensen, Michal Pomianowski, Olena Kalyanova Larsen, Jacob Scharling Jørgensen, Sofie Sand Knudsen
April 20, 2023
There is very little knowledge on the occupant actual hot water comfort (temperature and flow), usage practice, and routines (temporal and spatial distribution of hot water usage in a household). This paper describes the results from the total and hot water measurements in two Danish detached houses. The results show that, at the draw-off points, the temperature of 55 °C is never asked by the occupants, not even in the kitchen sink. The domestic water temperature differentiates depending on the function of the draw-off point, with the shower and kitchen taps being most energy- and water-intense. They constitute around 90% of the hot water use in the house. Shower units on average demand for highest temperature (i.e., 35.5 °C to 40.4 °C). Hand washing operates, on average, at temperature between 20.5 °C to 26.5 °C. Average water temperature at the taps located in utility room varies between 23 °C to 26 °C. These in-depth insight in the total and hot water use in two new-built low energy houses, can a) help building professionals designing more efficient hot water installations; b) enhance the research work on energy flexibility buildings by providing knowledge on most energy-intensive draw-off points; and c) facilitate district heating professionals in improving the network performance.
Keywords
domestic water comfort, energy use for hot water, hot water load profiles, hot water spatial distribution in residential buildings, temperature measurement, water flow
Suggested Citation
Marszal-Pomianowska A, Jensen RL, Pomianowski M, Larsen OK, Jørgensen JS, Knudsen SS. Comfort of Domestic Water in Residential Buildings: Flow, Temperature and Energy in Draw-Off Points: Field Study in Two Danish Detached Houses. (2023). LAPSE:2023.32763
Author Affiliations
Marszal-Pomianowska A: Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, 9200 Aalborg, Denmark [ORCID]
Jensen RL: Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, 9200 Aalborg, Denmark [ORCID]
Pomianowski M: Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, 9200 Aalborg, Denmark
Larsen OK: Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, 9200 Aalborg, Denmark
Jørgensen JS: Frandsen & Søndergaard Rådgivende Ingeniørfirma, 9200 Aalborg, Denmark
Knudsen SS: Akademiingeniør Svend Poulsen A/S, 9500 Hobro, Denmark
Journal Name
Energies
Volume
14
Issue
11
First Page
3314
Year
2021
Publication Date
2021-06-04
Published Version
ISSN
1996-1073
Version Comments
Original Submission
Other Meta
PII: en14113314, Publication Type: Journal Article
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LAPSE:2023.32763
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doi:10.3390/en14113314
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Apr 20, 2023
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CC BY 4.0
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