LAPSE:2023.27905
Published Article
LAPSE:2023.27905
Offshore Wind Farm Black Start Service Integration: Review and Outlook of Ongoing Research
Daniela Pagnani, Frede Blaabjerg, Claus Leth Bak, Filipe Miguel Faria da Silva, Łukasz H. Kocewiak, Jesper Hjerrild
April 11, 2023
A review of the ongoing research on black start (BS) service integrated with offshore wind farms (OWFs) is presented in this paper. The overall goal is to firstly gain a better understanding of the BS capabilities required by modern power systems. Subsequently, the challenges faced by OWFs as novel BS service providers as well as an outlook on the ongoing research which may provide solutions to these are presented. OWFs have the potential to be a fast and environmentally friendly technology to provide BS services for power system restoration and, therefore, to ensure resiliency after blackouts. As a power electronic-based system, OWFs can be equipped with a self-starter in the system in order to perform BS. The self-start unit could be a synchronous generator (SG) or a power electronic unit such as a grid-forming (GFM) converter. Preliminary BS studies performed in PSCAD/EMTDC are presented in a simplified OWF system via an SG as the self-start unit. Consequently, technical challenges during the BS procedure in an OWF benchmark system are outlined via theoretical discussions and simulations results. This is useful to understand the threats to power electronics during BS. Finally, the most relevant GFM strategies in the state-of-the-art literature are presented and their application to OWF BS is discussed.
Keywords
black start, grid-forming, grid-synchronisation, island operation, offshore wind farms, power system resiliency, power system restoration
Suggested Citation
Pagnani D, Blaabjerg F, Bak CL, Faria da Silva FM, Kocewiak ŁH, Hjerrild J. Offshore Wind Farm Black Start Service Integration: Review and Outlook of Ongoing Research. (2023). LAPSE:2023.27905
Author Affiliations
Pagnani D: Electrical System Design and Grid Integration, Ørsted Wind Power, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark; Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark [ORCID]
Blaabjerg F: Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark [ORCID]
Bak CL: Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Faria da Silva FM: Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Kocewiak ŁH: Electrical System Design and Grid Integration, Ørsted Wind Power, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
Hjerrild J: Electrical System Design and Grid Integration, Ørsted Wind Power, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
Journal Name
Energies
Volume
13
Issue
23
Article Number
E6286
Year
2020
Publication Date
2020-11-28
Published Version
ISSN
1996-1073
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PII: en13236286, Publication Type: Journal Article
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LAPSE:2023.27905
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doi:10.3390/en13236286
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Apr 11, 2023
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