LAPSE:2023.17876
Published Article
LAPSE:2023.17876
The Use of Multivariate Data Analysis (HCA and PCA) to Characterize Ashes from Biomass Combustion
March 7, 2023
Abstract
The content of heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in ash samples from miscanthus, oak, pine, sunflower husk, wheat straw, and willow ashes burned at 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C, respectively, was determined. The statistical analysis of the results was based on multivariate methods: hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA), which made it possible to classify the raw materials ashed at different temperatures into the most similar groups, and to study the structure of data variability. Using PCA, three principal components were extracted, which explain more than 88% of the variability of the studied elements. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of multivariate statistical techniques to the analysis of the results of the study of heavy metal content allowed us to draw conclusions about the influence of biomass properties on its chemical characteristics during combustion.
The content of heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in ash samples from miscanthus, oak, pine, sunflower husk, wheat straw, and willow ashes burned at 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C, respectively, was determined. The statistical analysis of the results was based on multivariate methods: hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA), which made it possible to classify the raw materials ashed at different temperatures into the most similar groups, and to study the structure of data variability. Using PCA, three principal components were extracted, which explain more than 88% of the variability of the studied elements. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of multivariate statistical techniques to the analysis of the results of the study of heavy metal content allowed us to draw conclusions about the influence of biomass properties on its chemical characteristics during combustion.
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Keywords
ash composition, Biomass, multivariate data analysis
Suggested Citation
Szczepanik M, Szyszlak-Bargłowicz J, Zając G, Koniuszy A, Hawrot-Paw M, Wolak A. The Use of Multivariate Data Analysis (HCA and PCA) to Characterize Ashes from Biomass Combustion. (2023). LAPSE:2023.17876
Author Affiliations
Szczepanik M: Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland [ORCID]
Szyszlak-Bargłowicz J: Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland [ORCID]
Zając G: Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland [ORCID]
Koniuszy A: Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Papieża Pawła VI 1, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland [ORCID]
Hawrot-Paw M: Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Papieża Pawła VI 1, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland [ORCID]
Wolak A: Department of Quality and Safety of Industrial Products, Institute of Quality and Product Management Sciences, Cracow University of Economics, Rakowicka 27, 31-510 Kraków, Poland [ORCID]
Szyszlak-Bargłowicz J: Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland [ORCID]
Zając G: Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland [ORCID]
Koniuszy A: Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Papieża Pawła VI 1, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland [ORCID]
Hawrot-Paw M: Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Papieża Pawła VI 1, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland [ORCID]
Wolak A: Department of Quality and Safety of Industrial Products, Institute of Quality and Product Management Sciences, Cracow University of Economics, Rakowicka 27, 31-510 Kraków, Poland [ORCID]
Journal Name
Energies
Volume
14
Issue
21
First Page
6887
Year
2021
Publication Date
2021-10-20
ISSN
1996-1073
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PII: en14216887, Publication Type: Journal Article
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LAPSE:2023.17876
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