Abstract
It is quite important to clearly understand the fluid dynamic process of water droplets impacting on a hot extracted titanium tailings surface for the recovery and utilization of tailings. In this research, the finite volume simulations of the droplet impingement were developed by applying the volume-of-fluid method and were validated against experimental results. Droplet-impact experiments were performed by using a high-speed camera. The effects of the Weber number, surface tension value, and contact angle on the spreading factor were quantitatively investigated, and the distributions of pressure, velocity contour, and temperature were analyzed in detail during the impact process. We found that the numerical results of the impact process and spreading factor conform to the experiments. Moreover, the surface tension, contact angle, and Weber number have important consequences for droplet dynamic characteristics. Finally, a new maximum spreading factor model that is governed by Weber numbers is proposed for the extracted titanium tailings surface based on the experimental and numerical results. These findings provide a pathway for controlling dynamic interactions of the droplets impacting on the tailings’ surfaces.