Abstract
Temperature and its distribution are crucial for combustion monitoring and control. For this application, digital camera-based pyrometers become increasingly popular, due to its relatively low cost. However, these pyrometers are not universally applicable due to the dependence of calibration. Compared with pyrometers, monitoring cameras exist in all most every combustion chamber. Although these cameras, theologically, have the ability to measure temperature, due to lack of calibration they are only used for visualization to support the decisions of operators. Almost all existing calibration methods are laboratory-based, and hence cannot calibrate a camera in operation. This paper proposes an online calibration method. It uses a pre-calibrated camera as a standard pyrometer to calibrate another camera in operation. The calibration is based on a photo taken by the pyrometry-camera at a position close to the camera in operation. Since the calibration does not affect the use of the camera in operation, it sharply reduces the cost and difficulty of pyrometer calibration. In this paper, a procedure of online calibration is proposed, and the advice about how to set camera parameters is given. Besides, the radio pyrometry is revised for a wider temperature range. The online calibration algorithm is developed based on two assumptions for images of the same flame taken in proximity: (1) there are common regions between the two images taken at close position; (2) there are some constant characteristic temperatures between the two-dimensional temperature distributions of the same flame taken from different angles. And those two assumptions are verified in a real industrial plants. Based on these two verified features, a temperature distribution matching algorithm is developed to calibrate pyrometers online. This method was tested and validated in an industrial-scale municipal solid waste incinerator. The accuracy of the calibrated pyrometer is sufficient for flame monitoring and control.