LAPSE:2023.16709
Published Article
LAPSE:2023.16709
Bio-Crude Production from Protein-Extracted Grass Residue through Hydrothermal Liquefaction
March 3, 2023
In the present study, the protein-extracted grass residue (press cake) was processed through hydrothermal liquefaction under sub and supercritical temperatures (300, 350 and 400 °C) with and without using a potassium carbonate catalyst. The results revealed that bio-crude yield was influenced by both temperature and the catalyst. The catalyst was found to be effective at 350 °C (350 Cat) for enhancing the bio-crude yield, whereas supercritical state in both catalytic and non-catalytic conditions improved the quality of bio-crude with reasonable HHVs (33 to 36 MJ/kg). The thermal behaviour of bio-crude was analysed and higher volatile contents (more than 50% under the range of 350 °C) were found at supercritical conditions. The overall TOC values in the residual aqueous phase varied from 22 to 38 g/L. Higher carbon loss was noticed in the aqueous phase in supercritical conditions. Furthermore, GCMS analysis showed ketones, acids and ester, aromatics and hydrocarbon with negligible nitrogen-containing compounds in bio-crude. In conclusion, the catalytic conversion of grass residue under subcritical conditions (350 Cat) is favourable in terms of high bio-crude yield, however, supercritical conditions promote the deoxygenation of oxygen-containing compounds in biomass and thus improve HHVs of bio-crude.
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Keywords
aqueous phase, Bio-crude, grass residue, HTL, sub-supercritical temperatures
Subject
Suggested Citation
Toor SS, Shah AA, Sharma K, Seehar TH, Pedersen TH, Rosendahl LA. Bio-Crude Production from Protein-Extracted Grass Residue through Hydrothermal Liquefaction. (2023). LAPSE:2023.16709
Author Affiliations
Toor SS: Department of Energy, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 111, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Shah AA: Department of Energy & Environment Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering & Technology, New M. A. Jinnah Road, Jamshed Quarters Muslimabad, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
Sharma K: Department of Energy, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 111, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Seehar TH: Department of Energy & Environment Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering & Technology, New M. A. Jinnah Road, Jamshed Quarters Muslimabad, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
Pedersen TH: Department of Energy, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 111, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Rosendahl LA: Department of Energy, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 111, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Shah AA: Department of Energy & Environment Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering & Technology, New M. A. Jinnah Road, Jamshed Quarters Muslimabad, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
Sharma K: Department of Energy, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 111, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Seehar TH: Department of Energy & Environment Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering & Technology, New M. A. Jinnah Road, Jamshed Quarters Muslimabad, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
Pedersen TH: Department of Energy, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 111, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Rosendahl LA: Department of Energy, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 111, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Journal Name
Energies
Volume
15
Issue
1
First Page
364
Year
2022
Publication Date
2022-01-05
Published Version
ISSN
1996-1073
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Original Submission
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PII: en15010364, Publication Type: Journal Article
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LAPSE:2023.16709
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doi:10.3390/en15010364
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[v1] (Original Submission)
Mar 3, 2023
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