Abstract
The Shunbei oil formation is a deep, high-temperature carbonate reservoir. Acid fracturing is an effective technology to stimulate this formation. For acid fracturing, the temperature field is fundamental information for the acid system selection, acid−rock reaction, live acid penetration distance prediction, acid fracturing design, etc. Therefore, in this paper, we conduct a numerical study on the temperature field in acid fracturing to account for the acid−rock reaction in the Shunbei formation. Firstly, a new mathematical model of the fracture temperature field during acid fracturing is established based on the laws of mass and energy conservation and acid−rock reaction kinetics. The fracture model is based on a PKN model, which accounts for a few factors, such as the acid−rock reaction heat, acid−rock reaction rate dependence on the temperature, and the fracture width change with acid erosion. Then, the numerical mode is developed. Next, an extensive numerical study and a parameter analysis are conducted based on the model with the field data from the Shunbei formation. The study shows that the acid−rock reaction in acid fracturing has obvious effects on the temperature field, resulting in a 10~20 °C increase in the Shunbei formation. The acid−rock reaction dependence on temperature is a factor to be accounted for. The rock dissolution increases first and then decreases from the inlet to the tip of the fracture, unlike the monotonous decrease without temperature dependence. The temperature gradient is high near the inlet and then decreases gradually. Beyond half of the fracture, the temperature is close to the formation temperature. The temperature drops fast in the initial injection stage and tends to stabilize at about 50 min.