Due to the design of peanut harvesters and cleaners, peanut pods are often mixed with soil, gravel, peanut straw, and other impurities. To solve this problem, this study focused on designing a peanut pod cleaning device by integrating a negative pressure centrifugal fan, a hydrometric cleaning sieve, and a reversible long-mesh cleaning sieve. The relative motion of the peanut pod on the sieve was discussed, its stress analyzed, the design parameters of the sieve and fan determined, and the operation of the device was monitored by using sensors, which accurately recorded and adjusted the working parameters. Finally, the key parameters were tested, and the results showed that the design requirements were met at a vibration frequency of 5.5 Hz, a hydrometric cleaning sieve inclination of 15°, a reciprocating long mesh cleaning sieve inclination of 5°, and a fan speed of 1500 rev/min; the mean loss is 2.26%, and the mean impurity is 3.18%. The findings can be used to provide technical support and reference for the development of peanut pod cleaning devices.