LAPSE:2021.0595
Published Article
LAPSE:2021.0595
Investigation of Virulence Genes Detected in Antimicrobial-Resistance Pathogens Isolates for Five Countries across the World
Kevin Cui, Iris Gong, Alvin Dong, Jacob Yan, Max Wang, Zuyi Huang
July 12, 2021
A large portion of annual deaths worldwide are due to infections caused by disease-causing pathogens. These pathogens contain virulence genes, which encode mechanisms that facilitate infection and microbial survival in hosts. More recently, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, also found in these pathogens, have become an increasingly large issue. While the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Pathogen Detection Isolates Browser (NPDIB) database has been compiling genes involved in microbial virulence and antimicrobial resistance through isolate samples, few studies have identified the genes primarily responsible for virulence and compared them to those responsible for AMR. This study performed the first multivariate statistical analysis of the multidimensional NPDIB data to identify the major virulence genes from historical pathogen isolates for Australia, China, South Africa, UK, and US—the largely populated countries from five of the six major continents. The important virulence genes were then compared with the AMR genes to study whether there is correlation between their occurrences. Among the significant genes and pathogens associated with virulence, it was found that the genes fdeC, iha, iss, iutA, lpfA, sslE, ybtP, and ybtQ are shared amongst all five countries. The pathogens E. coli and Shigella, Salmonella enterica, and Klebsiella pneumoniae mostly contained these genes and were common among four of the five studied countries. Additionally, the trend of virulence was investigated by plotting historical occurrences of gene and pathogen frequency in the annual samples. These plots showed that the trends of E. coli and Shigella and Salmonella enterica were similar to the trends of certain virulence genes, confirming the two pathogens do indeed carry important virulence genes. While the virulence genes in the five countries are not significantly different, the US and the UK share the largest amount of important virulence genes. The plots from principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering show that the important virulence and AMR genes were not significantly correlated, with only few genes from both types of genes clustered into the same groups.
Keywords
antimicrobial resistance, data analysis, hierarchical clustering, NCBI Pathogen Detection Isolates Browser, principal component analysis, virulence genes
Subject
Suggested Citation
Cui K, Gong I, Dong A, Yan J, Wang M, Huang Z. Investigation of Virulence Genes Detected in Antimicrobial-Resistance Pathogens Isolates for Five Countries across the World. (2021). LAPSE:2021.0595
Author Affiliations
Cui K: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19805, USA
Gong I: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19805, USA
Dong A: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19805, USA
Yan J: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19805, USA
Wang M: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19805, USA
Huang Z: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19805, USA
Journal Name
Processes
Volume
8
Issue
12
Article Number
E1589
Year
2020
Publication Date
2020-12-02
Published Version
ISSN
2227-9717
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Original Submission
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PII: pr8121589, Publication Type: Journal Article
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LAPSE:2021.0595
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doi:10.3390/pr8121589
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Jul 12, 2021
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Calvin Tsay
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