LAPSE:2020.0385
Published Article
LAPSE:2020.0385
Hybrid Drying of Murraya koenigii Leaves: Energy Consumption, Antioxidant Capacity, Profiling of Volatile Compounds and Quality Studies
April 14, 2020
This study aims to reduce the amount of specific energy consumed during the drying of fresh Murraya koenigii leaves by comparing four drying methods: (1) convective hot-air drying (CD; 40, 50 and 60 °C); (2) single-stage microwave-vacuum drying (MVD; 6, 9 and 12 W/g); (3) two-stage convective hot-air pre-drying followed by microwave-vacuum finishing−drying (CPD-MVFD; 50 °C, 9 W/g); and (4) freeze-drying as a control in the analysis sections. The drying kinetics were also modelled using thin-layer models. The quality parameters of dried M. koenigii leaves were measured including total polyphenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (ABTS and FRAP), profiling of volatile compounds, colour analysis and water activity analysis. Results showed that CPD-MVFD effectively reduced the specific energy consumption of CD at 50 °C by 67.3% in terms of kilojoules per gram of fresh weight and 48.9% in terms of kilojoules per gram of water. The modified Page model demonstrated excellent fitting to the empirical data obtained. FD showed promising antioxidant activity. The major contributor of antioxidant capacity was TPC. The volatile compounds profiled by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, namely, β-phellandrene (31%), α-pinene (19.9%), and sabinene (16%) were identified as the major compounds of dried M. koenigii leaves. Colour analysis showed MVD’s high performance in preserving the colour parameters of M. koenigii leaves under all conditions. The colour parameters were correlated to the antioxidant capacity and TPC. Water activity analysis showed that the water activity of M. koenigii leaves for all drying methods indicating that the conditions were microbiologically and shelf-stable. Pearson correlation showed the colour parameters of the leaves had a strong correlation to TPC. Overall, MVD showed promising energy consumption reduction and recovery in TPC and volatile compounds.
Keywords
antioxidant capacity, CPD-MVFD, energy consumption, GC-MS, hybrid drying, murraya koenigii, MVD
Suggested Citation
Choo CO, Chua BL, Figiel A, Jałoszyński K, Wojdyło A, Szumny A, Łyczko J, Chong CH. Hybrid Drying of Murraya koenigii Leaves: Energy Consumption, Antioxidant Capacity, Profiling of Volatile Compounds and Quality Studies. (2020). LAPSE:2020.0385
Author Affiliations
Choo CO: School of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor’s University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia [ORCID]
Chua BL: School of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor’s University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia [ORCID]
Figiel A: Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37/41, 51−630 Wrocław, Poland [ORCID]
Jałoszyński K: Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37/41, 51−630 Wrocław, Poland
Wojdyło A: Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceuticals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland [ORCID]
Szumny A: Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland [ORCID]
Łyczko J: Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland [ORCID]
Chong CH: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia [ORCID]
Journal Name
Processes
Volume
8
Issue
2
Article Number
E240
Year
2020
Publication Date
2020-02-20
Published Version
ISSN
2227-9717
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PII: pr8020240, Publication Type: Journal Article
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LAPSE:2020.0385
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doi:10.3390/pr8020240
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Apr 14, 2020
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Original Submitter
Calvin Tsay
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