The dimensionless productivity index is an important indicator for measuring the oil production capacity of oilfields. The traditional calculation method of the dimensionless productivity index is not suitable for the continuous multiple development phases of oilfields. In this study, based on Darcy’s Law and the theory of non-piston leading edge propulsion, we considered the influence of capillary pressure and derived a differential equation for leading edge propulsion distance. We established a calculation model of the dimensionless productivity index that is suitable for the multiple development phases of oilfields, including water flooding, polymer flooding, and binary compound flooding. The model was applied to the W block of the JZ9-3 oilfield, and the calculation results of the model were compared with the actual statistical results. The results show that the calculation error rates of the dimensionless productivity index in three phases of oilfield development are 4.67%, 17.65%, and 18.50%, respectively, and the average error rate is 10.38% in the overall development phase. The dimensionless productivity index curve shows a trend of first rising, then falling, and finally stabilizing when the pore volume number is included. This calculation model expands the field application scope of the theoretical dimensionless productivity index, which is convenient for application in oilfields, and improves the efficiency of the comprehensive evaluation of oilfields during multiple development phases.