LAPSE:2019.0995
Published Article
LAPSE:2019.0995
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent-Assisted Pectin Extraction from Pomelo Peel Using Sonoreactor: Experimental Optimization Approach
September 13, 2019
Background: Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) can be used for extracting a wide range of biomaterials, such as pectin. This study introduces a new generation of natural solvents for pectin extraction which could replace the conventional solvents in the food industry. Methods: In this study, NADESs were used for pectin extraction from pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) peels using a sonoreactor. Definitive screening design (DSD) was used to screen the influence of time, temperature, solid/liquid ratio, and NADES/water ratio on the pectin yield and degree of esterification (DE). Results: The primary screening revealed that the best choices for the extraction were choline chloride−malonic acid (ChCl-Mal) and choline chloride−glucose−water (ChCl:Glc:W). Both co-solvents yielded 94% pectin and 52% DE after optimization at 80 °C, with 60 min of sonication, pH < 3.0, and a NADES-to-water ratio of 1:4.5 (v/v). Morphological screening showed a smooth and compact surface of the pectin from ChCl-Mal where glucose-based pectin had a rough surface and lower DE. Conclusions: NADESs proved to be promising co-solvents for pectin extraction with a high degree of esterification (>55%).
Record ID
Keywords
Citrus grandis, definitive screening design, Extraction, natural deep eutectic solvent, pectin, pomelo
Subject
Suggested Citation
Elgharbawy AAM, Hayyan A, Hayyan M, Mirghani MES, Salleh HM, Rashid SN, Ngoh GC, Liew SQ, Nor MRM, bin Mohd Yusoff MYZ, Alias Y. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent-Assisted Pectin Extraction from Pomelo Peel Using Sonoreactor: Experimental Optimization Approach. (2019). LAPSE:2019.0995
Author Affiliations
Elgharbawy AAM: International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), P.O. Box 10, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia [ORCID]
Hayyan A: Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Hayyan M: Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, P.O. Box 44, Sohar P.C. 311, Oman [ORCID]
Mirghani MES: International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), P.O. Box 10, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia
Salleh HM: International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), P.O. Box 10, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia
Rashid SN: Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Ngoh GC: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Liew SQ: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Nor MRM: Halal Research Group, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia [ORCID]
bin Mohd Yusoff MYZ: Halal Research Group, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Alias Y: Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Hayyan A: Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Hayyan M: Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, P.O. Box 44, Sohar P.C. 311, Oman [ORCID]
Mirghani MES: International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), P.O. Box 10, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia
Salleh HM: International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), P.O. Box 10, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia
Rashid SN: Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Ngoh GC: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Liew SQ: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Nor MRM: Halal Research Group, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia [ORCID]
bin Mohd Yusoff MYZ: Halal Research Group, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Alias Y: Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Journal Name
Processes
Volume
7
Issue
7
Article Number
E416
Year
2019
Publication Date
2019-07-02
Published Version
ISSN
2227-9717
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Original Submission
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PII: pr7070416, Publication Type: Journal Article
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LAPSE:2019.0995
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doi:10.3390/pr7070416
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[v1] (Original Submission)
Sep 13, 2019
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Sep 13, 2019
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https://psecommunity.org/LAPSE:2019.0995
Original Submitter
Calvin Tsay
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