The heat transfer assessment of a buried hot oil pipe is essential for the economical and safe transportation of the pipeline, where the basis is to determine the temperature field surrounding the pipe quickly. This work proposes a novel method to efficiently predict the temperature field surrounding a hot oil pipe, which combines the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method and the backpropagation (BP) neural network, named the POD-BP model. Specifically, the BP neural network is used to establish the mapping relationship between spectrum coefficients and the preset parameters of the sample. Compared with the classical POD reduced-order model, the POD-BP model avoids solving the system of reduced-order governing equations with spectrum coefficients as variables, thus improving the prediction speed. Another advantage is that it is easy to implement and does not require tremendous mathematical derivation of reduced-order governing equations. The POD-BP model is then used to predict the temperature field surrounding the hot oil pipe, and the sample matrix is obtained from the numerical results using the finite volume method (FVM). In validation cases, both steady and unsteady states are investigated, and multiple boundary conditions, thermal properties, and even geometry parameters (different buried depths and pipe diameters) are tested. The mean errors of steady and unsteady cases are 0.845~3.052% and 0.133~1.439%, respectively. Appealingly, almost no time, around 0.008 s, is consumed in predicting unsteady situations using the proposed POD-BP model, while the FVM requires a computational time of 70 s.