LAPSE:2023.9733
Published Article
LAPSE:2023.9733
Effect of WLTP CLASS 3B Driving Cycle on Lithium-Ion Battery for Electric Vehicles
February 27, 2023
Abstract
Capacity loss over time is a critical issue for lithium-ion batteries powering battery electric vehicles (BEVs) because it affects vehicle range and performance. Driving cycles have a major impact on the ageing of these devices because they are subjected to high stresses in certain uses that cause degradation phenomena directly related to vehicle use. Calendar capacity also impacts the battery pack for most of its lifetime with a capacity degradation. The manuscript describes experimental tests on a lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles with up to 10% capacity loss in the WLTP CLASS 3B driving cycle. The lithium-ion battery considered consists of an LMO-NMC cathode and a graphite anode with a capacity of 63 Ah for automotive applications. An internal impedance variation was observed compared to the typical full charge/discharge profile. Incremental capacitance (IC) and differential voltage (DV) analysis were performed in different states of cell health. A lifetime model is described to compute the total capacity loss for cycling and calendar ageing exploiting real data under some different scenarios of vehicle usage.
Capacity loss over time is a critical issue for lithium-ion batteries powering battery electric vehicles (BEVs) because it affects vehicle range and performance. Driving cycles have a major impact on the ageing of these devices because they are subjected to high stresses in certain uses that cause degradation phenomena directly related to vehicle use. Calendar capacity also impacts the battery pack for most of its lifetime with a capacity degradation. The manuscript describes experimental tests on a lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles with up to 10% capacity loss in the WLTP CLASS 3B driving cycle. The lithium-ion battery considered consists of an LMO-NMC cathode and a graphite anode with a capacity of 63 Ah for automotive applications. An internal impedance variation was observed compared to the typical full charge/discharge profile. Incremental capacitance (IC) and differential voltage (DV) analysis were performed in different states of cell health. A lifetime model is described to compute the total capacity loss for cycling and calendar ageing exploiting real data under some different scenarios of vehicle usage.
Record ID
Keywords
battery degradation, driving cycles, electric vehicles, lifetime model, lithium-ion batteries
Subject
Suggested Citation
Micari S, Foti S, Testa A, De Caro S, Sergi F, Andaloro L, Aloisio D, Leonardi SG, Napoli G. Effect of WLTP CLASS 3B Driving Cycle on Lithium-Ion Battery for Electric Vehicles. (2023). LAPSE:2023.9733
Author Affiliations
Micari S: Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.da Di Dio—Villaggio S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; National Research Council (CNR), Advanced Energy Technology Institute (ITAE) “Nicola Giordano”, Salita S. Lucia sopra Contesse n. 5, 98126 Messin
Foti S: Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.da Di Dio—Villaggio S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy [ORCID]
Testa A: Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.da Di Dio—Villaggio S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
De Caro S: Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.da Di Dio—Villaggio S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
Sergi F: National Research Council (CNR), Advanced Energy Technology Institute (ITAE) “Nicola Giordano”, Salita S. Lucia sopra Contesse n. 5, 98126 Messina, Italy
Andaloro L: National Research Council (CNR), Advanced Energy Technology Institute (ITAE) “Nicola Giordano”, Salita S. Lucia sopra Contesse n. 5, 98126 Messina, Italy
Aloisio D: National Research Council (CNR), Advanced Energy Technology Institute (ITAE) “Nicola Giordano”, Salita S. Lucia sopra Contesse n. 5, 98126 Messina, Italy
Leonardi SG: National Research Council (CNR), Advanced Energy Technology Institute (ITAE) “Nicola Giordano”, Salita S. Lucia sopra Contesse n. 5, 98126 Messina, Italy [ORCID]
Napoli G: National Research Council (CNR), Advanced Energy Technology Institute (ITAE) “Nicola Giordano”, Salita S. Lucia sopra Contesse n. 5, 98126 Messina, Italy
Foti S: Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.da Di Dio—Villaggio S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy [ORCID]
Testa A: Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.da Di Dio—Villaggio S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
De Caro S: Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.da Di Dio—Villaggio S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
Sergi F: National Research Council (CNR), Advanced Energy Technology Institute (ITAE) “Nicola Giordano”, Salita S. Lucia sopra Contesse n. 5, 98126 Messina, Italy
Andaloro L: National Research Council (CNR), Advanced Energy Technology Institute (ITAE) “Nicola Giordano”, Salita S. Lucia sopra Contesse n. 5, 98126 Messina, Italy
Aloisio D: National Research Council (CNR), Advanced Energy Technology Institute (ITAE) “Nicola Giordano”, Salita S. Lucia sopra Contesse n. 5, 98126 Messina, Italy
Leonardi SG: National Research Council (CNR), Advanced Energy Technology Institute (ITAE) “Nicola Giordano”, Salita S. Lucia sopra Contesse n. 5, 98126 Messina, Italy [ORCID]
Napoli G: National Research Council (CNR), Advanced Energy Technology Institute (ITAE) “Nicola Giordano”, Salita S. Lucia sopra Contesse n. 5, 98126 Messina, Italy
Journal Name
Energies
Volume
15
Issue
18
First Page
6703
Year
2022
Publication Date
2022-09-13
ISSN
1996-1073
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Original Submission
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PII: en15186703, Publication Type: Journal Article
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LAPSE:2023.9733
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https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186703
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Feb 27, 2023
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