Because of the unclear understanding of the characteristics associated with coupled rock breaking using multiple water jets, a numerical model combining smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and the finite element method (FEM) was established to investigate the rock-breaking capacity of a high-pressure, double-stranded water jet structure. The effectiveness of this model was verified through field experiments. The study further examined the specific energy required for rock breaking using the high-pressure double water jets and analyzed the effects of jet pressure, nozzle diameter, jet impact angle, and impact point spacing on rock-breaking volume. The results demonstrate that the rock-breaking ability of a high-pressure double water jets is better than that of a single water jet. When the impact angle of the high-pressure double water jets was 15° and the distance between impact points was 2.0 d, the rock damage effect was the best. By comparing the specific energies for rock breaking of a single water jet and a double water jet, it was concluded that the best rock-breaking nozzle diameter is 1.6 mm. Furthermore, an orthogonal testing approach was employed to determine the main and secondary factors influencing the rock-breaking energy of the high-pressure double water jet. The order of significance was found to be jet pressure > impact angle > impact point spacing > nozzle diameter. These findings provide valuable guidance and reference for application in the coal mining industry.