LAPSE:2023.33343
Published Article
LAPSE:2023.33343
Automated Testbench for Hybrid Machine Learning-Based Worst-Case Energy Consumption Analysis on Batteryless IoT Devices
April 21, 2023
Batteryless Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices need to schedule tasks on very limited energy budgets from intermittent energy harvesting. Creating an energy-aware scheduler allows the device to schedule tasks in an efficient manner to avoid power loss during execution. To achieve this, we need insight in the Worst-Case Energy Consumption (WCEC) of each schedulable task on the device. Different methodologies exist to determine or approximate the energy consumption. However, these approaches are computationally expensive and infeasible to perform on all type of devices; or are not accurate enough to acquire safe upper bounds. We propose a hybrid methodology that combines machine learning-based prediction on small code sections, called hybrid blocks, with static analysis to combine the predictions to a final upper bound estimation for the WCEC. In this paper, we present our work on an automated testbench for the Code Behaviour Framework (COBRA) that measures and profiles the upper bound energy consumption on the target device. Next, we use the upper bound measurements of the testbench to train eight different regression models that need to predict these upper bounds. The results show promising estimates for three regression models that could potentially be used for the methodology with additional tuning and training.
Keywords
automated testbench, batteryless devices, hybrid resource consumption analysis, Internet-of-Things, Machine Learning, Worst-Case Energy Consumption
Suggested Citation
Huybrechts T, Reiter P, Mercelis S, Famaey J, Latré S, Hellinckx P. Automated Testbench for Hybrid Machine Learning-Based Worst-Case Energy Consumption Analysis on Batteryless IoT Devices. (2023). LAPSE:2023.33343
Author Affiliations
Huybrechts T: IDLab, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp—imec, Sint-Pietersvliet 7, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium [ORCID]
Reiter P: IDLab, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp—imec, Sint-Pietersvliet 7, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium [ORCID]
Mercelis S: IDLab, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp—imec, Sint-Pietersvliet 7, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium [ORCID]
Famaey J: IDLab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp—imec, Sint-Pietersvliet 7, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium [ORCID]
Latré S: IDLab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp—imec, Sint-Pietersvliet 7, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium [ORCID]
Hellinckx P: IDLab, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp—imec, Sint-Pietersvliet 7, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium [ORCID]
Journal Name
Energies
Volume
14
Issue
13
First Page
3914
Year
2021
Publication Date
2021-06-30
Published Version
ISSN
1996-1073
Version Comments
Original Submission
Other Meta
PII: en14133914, Publication Type: Journal Article
Record Map
Published Article

LAPSE:2023.33343
This Record
External Link

doi:10.3390/en14133914
Publisher Version
Download
Files
[Download 1v1.pdf] (2.5 MB)
Apr 21, 2023
Main Article
License
CC BY 4.0
Meta
Record Statistics
Record Views
125
Version History
[v1] (Original Submission)
Apr 21, 2023
 
Verified by curator on
Apr 21, 2023
This Version Number
v1
Citations
Most Recent
This Version
URL Here
https://psecommunity.org/LAPSE:2023.33343
 
Original Submitter
Auto Uploader for LAPSE
Links to Related Works
Directly Related to This Work
Publisher Version