Abstract
Solid biofuels have the potential of making a major contribution to achieving the objectives of the Paris Climate Agreement if they are used more extensively for covering the heat demand of the industry and the trade, commerce, and service (TCS) sector. To unlock this potential, a holistic analysis of the supply chain from producer to end customer was performed, involving consultants, planners, and financial institutions. The focus is on the deployment of larger biomass heating boilers (with heat loads spanning several 100 kW to several MW). The study identifies the most important barriers for expanding the use of solid biofuels for heat in the German TCS sector as well as in the industry sector. Nine sets of measures were identified for overcoming the most critical barriers, among others, by drawing on best practice approaches and solutions from other German and European contexts. Based on these measures, political recommendations were derived to shape the regulatory framework conditions accordingly. These recommendations can in turn offer a stimulus for other countries to foster a more efficient and climate-effective use of biomass.