Abstract
The carbonate gas reservoir is one of the most important gas formation types; it comprises a large proportion of the global gas reserves and the annual gas production rate. However, a carbonate reservoir with weathering crust formation is rare, and it is of significant interest to illustrate the geological characteristics of this kind of formation and present the emerging problems and solution measures that have arisen during its exploitation. Therefore, in this research, a typical carbonate gas reservoir with weathering crust formation that is located in Ordos Basin, China, was comprehensively studied. In terms of formation geology, for this reservoir, the distribution area is broad and there are multiple gas-bearing layers with low abundance and strong heterogeneity, which have led to large differences in gas well production performance. Some areas in this reservoir are rich in water, which seriously affects gas well production. Regarding production dynamics, the main production areas in this gas reservoir have been stable on a scale of 5.5 billion cubic meters for more than a decade, and the peripheral area has been continually evaluated to improve production capacity. Nevertheless, after decades of exploration and development, the main areas of this reservoir are faced with several problems, including an unclear groove distribution, an unbalanced exploitation degree, low formation pressure, and increases in intermittent gas wells. To deal with these problems and maintain the stability of gas reservoir production, a series of technologies have been presented. In addition, several strategies have been proposed to solve issues that have emerged during the exploration and exploitation of peripheral reservoir areas, such as low-quality formation, unclear ancient land and complex formation-water distribution. These development measures employed in the carbonate gas reservoir with weathering crust formation in the Ordos Basin will surely provide some guidance for the efficient exploitation of similar reservoirs in other basins all over the world.