Abstract
The working condition of a centrifugal pump as a turbine (PAT) is often unsteady. The rotating speed of a PAT constantly varies as the flow and load change, resulting in transient hydrodynamic behaviors between different working conditions. During the transition, the PAT undergoes a severe change in performance and complicated internal flow structures. In previous work, the fixed rotating speed of a PAT was mostly considered using computational fluid dynamics. To investigate the transient behavior of a PAT, relevant simulation tools are developed to depict transient flow conditions, and the corresponding transient speed of the impeller is calculated. Both large and small fluctuation transitions are simulated for the practical application of the PAT. The simulated results are first verified by experiments. The results show that the rotating speed significantly affects the performance and stability of the PAT. The rapid increment in flow rate and rotating speed lead to large energy dissipation in the internal flow field of the PAT. The range of high efficiency of the PAT expands and migrates to the high flow rate range. The efficiency in the transition condition started a cyclic growth after the flow reached 60 m3/h, and it reached a peak at around 80 m3/h, which was about 5% lower than the calculated value in a quasi-steady state. In the range of high rotating speeds, the rotating speed of the impeller and the operational stability are sensitive to flow fluctuation. The internal flow fields during transition conditions are analyzed as well. The obtained results can be utilized as a reference for studying the hydrodynamic characteristics and stability of fluid machinery in the transition under transient flow conditions.