Abstract
Aspects related to the growing pollution of the natural environment and depletion of conventional fossil fuels have become the motive for searching for ecofriendly, renewable, and sustainable alternative energy sources. Particular attention is paid to industrial waste, especially waste of biomass materials, which can be converted into biofuels and energy that meets the growing needs of humanity. The use of biomass for energy purposes is less damaging to the environment, the materials are low-cost, locally available in large quantities, and create employment opportunities for workers in suburban and rural areas around the world. This article discusses issues related to the use of waste biomass materials as renewable energy sources. The current energy situation in the world is analyzed in terms of production, consumption, and investments in green energy. Types of biomass and individual physicochemical and energy properties of waste plant materials obtained for energy purposes are described. Currently available methods of converting biomass into energy, including mechanical, thermal, and biochemical techniques are discussed. The conducted analysis indicates the possibility of using it as a competitive source of electricity and heat. Understanding the properties of biomass materials allows us to understand the right way to use them for energy and reduce the consumption of fossil fuels in the future.