Abstract
Electric Vehicles (EVs) and hybrid Electric vehicles (HEVs) are going to reshape the future of the transportation sector. However, adopting large numbers of EVs and HEVs will impact the electric utilities as well. Managing the charging/discharging of substantial numbers of distributed batteries will be critical for the successful adoption of EVs and HEVs. Therefore, this paper presents a review study about the recent control and optimization strategies for managing the charging/discharging of EVs. The paper covers different control and operation strategies reported in the literature as well as issues related to the real time dispatching of EVs in the smart grids. In addition, challenges related to the stochastic nature of the driving characteristics of EVs are considered. Finally, some open problems related to the energy management of EVs will be presented.