LAPSE:2020.0541v1
Published Article
LAPSE:2020.0541v1
Wholemeal Spelt Bread Enriched with Green Spelt as a Source of Valuable Nutrients
June 3, 2020
The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value of wholemeal bread prepared from the flour of spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) that was enriched by the addition of freeze-dried spelt grain (at proportions of 4%, 8%, and 12%, respectively, in relation to the flour weight). The spelt grain used in the study was harvested at the milk dough stage (the so-called green grain). Green spelt grain was characterized by a significantly higher content of minerals namely P, Mg, Ca and Zn compared to ripe spelt grain. Additionally, it contained significantly higher amounts of amino acids (Asp, Thr, Ser, Gly, Ala, Cys, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Phe, Lys), lipids, as well as monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and omega-3 and omega-9 acids. However, it had a lower content of palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and omega-6 acids. The results showed that the nutritional value of bread was improved by the green spelt grain, however the ω6/ω3 ratio in bread enriched with green spelt grain was slightly less favorable than in control bread. Among all the products tested, bread enriched with a 12% proportion of green spelt grain was characterized by the highest content of almost all the amino acids (except for Pro, Cys, and Met), as well as in Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe. In addition, overall acceptability of this bread was the highest. Bread enriched with 8% of green grain contained the highest amount of P, Ca, Pro, linoleic acid, PUFA, and ω 6 acids, while bread enriched with 4% of green spelt grain had the highest content of palmitic acid and saturated fatty acids.
Keywords
bread, chemical composition, green grain, spelt wheat
Subject
Suggested Citation
Kraska P, Andruszczak S, Gawlik-Dziki U, Dziki D, Kwiecińska-Poppe E. Wholemeal Spelt Bread Enriched with Green Spelt as a Source of Valuable Nutrients. (2020). LAPSE:2020.0541v1
Author Affiliations
Kraska P: Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences, 20-950 Lublin, Poland [ORCID]
Andruszczak S: Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences, 20-950 Lublin, Poland [ORCID]
Gawlik-Dziki U: Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, 20-704 Lublin, Poland [ORCID]
Dziki D: Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences, 20-612 Lublin, Poland [ORCID]
Kwiecińska-Poppe E: Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences, 20-950 Lublin, Poland [ORCID]
Journal Name
Processes
Volume
8
Issue
4
Article Number
E389
Year
2020
Publication Date
2020-03-27
Published Version
ISSN
2227-9717
Version Comments
Original Submission
Other Meta
PII: pr8040389, Publication Type: Journal Article
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LAPSE:2020.0541v1
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doi:10.3390/pr8040389
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Jun 3, 2020
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CC BY 4.0
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Jun 3, 2020
 
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Jun 3, 2020
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Original Submitter
Calvin Tsay
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